You could only roughly estimate,
If they aren't distributed equally among shifts, then you need more.
Some eat more than others. I don't remember whether any eat less.

I've always wondered and never known, when the people visit diner for example for a service OTHER than dining, do they still take a food?

@Jasong - I don't think anyone ever did it, it is not a game that deserves so much care. The only thing I seen was a diner, a grocer and an infirmary for every 50 colonists, but I prefer a different approach.

Roughly half of the dome to be living complexes (14 slots), so a medium dome would have 6 and a large dome 12, and for each 2 of them a diner and a grocer (one colonist per shift, all shifts). Infirmaries can be skipped if using the medical center, or added as a spare in a large dome, but are not needed as many as those other two (1~2 medium, 3 large).

You can check at midnight each dome for missed interests and then plan accordingly, your mileage may vary. Balancing interests, workplaces, shifts, etc. keeps your mind busy : )

@SM - no, colonists eat (and consume food) only once a day, all other times they use a diner or grocer nothing is consumed. Mega mall should be the same but I don't have it.

There's no list or anything.

You may do it like this:
1. Everyone's who is not currently working, can visit a recreation building per interest once per day.

This means, that you can select a dome, go to "inspect residents" button, and then filter by interests. Let's say that there are 20 who like dining, and they're dispersed over 3 shifts, then you might need just a single diner working 3 shifts.
However, diners provide "social" as well, and there are 60 who like to meet with friends. Now, you need to check what other buildings may provide that (bars, gyms), and if their combined capacity will satisfy everyone. I'd say that you would need another 2 diners and a gym, or a diner, a gym and a bar (only if there are miners or alcoholics).
You can throw in an amphiteater as well. It's a very nice building, and doesn't even need to be staffed, so it's almost never wrong to have it (unless you're short on polymers).

Overall, capacities are more of a feeling, there's not much to be gained if you min-max everything.

2. You don't need to satisfy every little whim. As long as you keep your people fed (no eating uprepared meal penalty), and can satisfy at least 2 of their interests, then you can maintain somewhere around 60 comfort.
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