Probably; at least some achievements. But check the Guides section on how to unlock all achievements with/without the patch.

I finally tried the Steam version with the (now working) 18+ patch and unfortunately, yes, it kills all achievements. I didn't get a single one and I just finished the game (I got the diving deep ending).

According to the latest READ ME file, it doesn't seem like they're going to fix this. You just have to live without them...or go through the entire game without the patch and then add the patch and relive the scenes uncensored in the gallery. Much easier than playing through it uncensored first imo but...I dunno.

Read the uncensored version, then remove the patch and use Nitro skip to get achievements. Far as I remember, you need both versions (patched and unpatched) to get all achievements. Use Steam guides.