"For the Benefit of All"

SA-5 is going to be the first launch of the Block II Saturn I rocket and was part of the Apollo Program.

The major changes that will occur on SA-5 is that for the first time the Saturn I will fly with two stages - the S-I first stage and the S-IV second stage. The second stage will feature six engines burning liquid hydrogen. Although this design was meant to be tested several years earlier in the Centaur rocket design, in the end the first Centaur launch was only two months before SA-5. This rocket stage was delivered to the Cape by a modified B-377 aircraft, nicknamed the Pregnant Guppy.
Other major design changes includes the enlargement of the fuel tanks on the first stage. For the first time the rocket would carry its planned 750,000 lb (340,000 kg) of propellant and would use eight upgraded engines producing a thrust each of 188,000 lbf (836 kN). The first stage also featured for the first time eight fins for added stability during flight. But as with the earlier flight the rocket would still carry only a Jupiter-C nosecone instead of a boilerplate Apollo spacecraft.
Also the guidance and control computer on the rocket is to be positioned above the second stage. This was where it would be found on the Saturn V flights that would take astronauts to the moon. The Instrument Unit controlled the ascent of the rocket through the atmosphere, automatically compensating for any winds or loss of thrust during the ascent.
For the first time in the Apollo program, this flight will be an orbital mission then a mission to the moon. This is possible because of the upgraded first stage and the addition of the second stage. It would enter into a highly ellipitical orbit and re-enter a couple of days later as its orbit decayed.