UPD: This guide is now on hiatus of kinds, as the game itself isn't being updated anymore. It still has enough basic information about the game, and I still spy on its comments - and will pick where I left if the game restores its activity. :D
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This guide is still in the process of improving! :D Also, the game itself is very new, so it probably gonna be updated some time soon; things may change drastically!

All information on the plants was got from in-game requests by continuously offering same plants for different requests. Some results were pretty surprising, plants kept changing colour, and everything often went confusing ways. Still, I hope it helps at least a little bit!

You're welcome to point out typos and mistakes or ask whatever you want about the game - I'll be thankful for typo hunting or will try to help you if needed! :D If you want, you can also show off your plants - although, better to do this on the forum.

So, a very small section for those who are new to the game! :D

The premise of "The Botanist" is that each plant has a corresponding word.
The resulting plant is same for all of the players - you can easily grow any of the plants in this guide by using their names. Try growing Quincy, it's a pretty pink flower! :D Or Lemon, it looks very lemon-like, hehr.
According to the developer, there's no connection between words' characteristics and resulting plants, meaning there's no secret algorythm to figure out. Source.

Game's story goal is to achieve Rank 5 - in other world, to become a professional botanist. To do it, you have to complete requests for specific plants, get reputation points from it and eventually climb the ranks. After this is done, you're allowed to do whatever, as game doesn't end, and you're free to continue researching plants and expanding your collection!

Game doesn't offer any restrictions of time or finances, nor does it require of you to complete specific requests.
The only restriction for plant growing is the number of pots you can have simultaneously (6 pots on the shelf + 1 pot on your desk). Some pots can host several plants, the biggest one allowing you to plant nine, meaning that you can have all of total 63 plants at one moment.
The game has no currency except vouchers that you can trade for new kinds of pots (once you have it, you can use it any number of times). Vouchers are gained through reputation points automatically or through the story events.
Levelling up only affects the difficulty of requests that you can complete: if you try to complete higher rank request before getting the required rank, your plant won't be accepted even if it has correct attributes (except for Rank 2, Rank 1 players can complete these).
Card collection doesn't affect anything, it only helps you to remember how plants you've already discovered look. :D

In the game there are four different types of plants: trees, flowers, grasses and succulents. (And cactuses, technically, but you can't grow them. Yet.)

Succulent are the easiest type to differentiate in the game. There is only one - star-shaped -
succulent type, with each plant only having different number of points and "stars". Also, they almost always glitch through the pots.


(upper one - Pulasan; right one - Plum; left one - Pitanga)


Trees in the game are relatively similar to each other and are easy to differentiate from other types, their trunks being the most noticeable detail. Trees have two to three colours: for their trunks, leaves and - if present - flowers. (Author actually has no idea what these "flowers" are, so let's call them flowers for now.)


(left one - Candy (flowery type); right one - Dragon Fruit (normal type))


Grasses have three noticeable parameters: shape of their blades, direction of their stripes and their general shape. Blades range from straight to a form similar to chain of rhombuses. Stripes can be horizontal (perpendicular to the blades) and vertical, but they are always present. Grasses themselves can be straight or droopy. They have only one colour.

Notice: if it looks like two colored grass, it's probably actually a flower.


(pink one - Pomegranate; yellow - Maypop; orange - Mango)


Flowers have a tall straight stem with one bulb at its top. From the bottom of the stem grow leaves, similar in appearance to grass type. Flowers have two to three colours: for their bulbs, cores and one for their leaves and stems.


(pink one - Quince; orange one - Grapefruit; green one - Pepper)
(disclaimer: Quince and Grapefruit aren't confirmed as flowers by requests yet!)

Requests use three different sizes of plants: small, average and large.
For some types of plants different sizes get trickier. Here are some notes on these:

Succulents
Succulents' average and small sizes seem to be one and the same. And they also can bug out and change their size, so you never know.
On this photo, for example, the green succulent was accepted for request of small succulent, and yellow one was accepted as average succulent. Yeah, it looks wrong. (To be fair, green one was also accepted as average by other request. Go figure.)

Purple - large, yellow - average, green - small/average.

(left to right: Plum, Sweetsop, Cucumber.)


Trees
For trees it's hard to differentiate average and small sizes as well, although it's somehow easier than with succulents. Small trees' crowns usually stay pretty close to the soil, while those of average ones are noticeably higher. Also, large trees would fill your screen with leaves, so they are really easy to recognize.

(There's no plant for large size on this picture because author doesn't have any confirmed ones at the moment. Also, disclaimer: Nectarine wasn't confirmed as average - but I'm sure that it is.)

Purple - average, green - small.

(purple one - Nectarine; green one - Dragon Fruit)


Grasses
For grasses, the size is dependant on the height. On the picture below all of the plants have confirmed sizes; notice that while orange plant looks smaller than yellow one, it also has bigger height, thus having bigger size.

Pink - large, orange - average, yellow - small.

(pink one - Pomegranate; orange one - Mango; yellow one - Maypop)


Flowers
As with grasses, flower's stem height regulates its size. Probably. Flowers caused the most confusion for this guide's author.

Disclaimer! On the picture below there are three confusing plants. The only one confirmed is green one - it's small. Surprisingly enough, the orange one also was accepted as small by requesters. And the pink one is still unconfirmed, because no one needs flowers in the game.


(pink one - Quincy, orange one - Grapefruit, green one - Pepper)

Grasses: can have one or two (?) colours, both for blades. [To do: confirm if both of colours work with requests, check on Onion/Physalis. If not, test two colored ones for being flowers.]
Trees: have two to three colours: for trunks, for leaves and for flowers, if present. Both the colour of leaves and the colour of flowers work for requests - it's enough to have one of them correct.
Flowers: usually have two to three colours for different parts: petals, flower's core (usually yellow) and stem/leaves. Only colour of petals matters for requests. [To do: confirm if colour of the center really doesn't matter. Already confirmed for stem colour.]
Succulents: always have only one colour.

Better pictures will be added when author will collect the whole palette! :D For now here are some simple examples of colours - all of them are confirmed. In general, colours are easy to differentiate.
Here are some tips, just in case:
- With flowers, remember to look for petals, not for leaves!
- If you're unsure about how turquoise looks, keep in mind that it will be really bright blue, you won't miss it if you see it! If it looks like a mix between green and turquoise - it's probably green.
- Same with pink - it's way brighter than purple, red and orange!
- Succulents have darker colours - common for them muddy yellow colour is indeed yellow, while their green can be lime green, dark green or pure green.
- If something suddenly changed colour - that happens, yes. Still have no idea if it affects the requests.

Pink, Orange, Purple

(pink one - Pumpkin; orange one - Mango; purple one - Maracuja)

Green and Blue

(green tree - Dragon Fruit; blue grass - Onion)
(disclaimer: Onion isn't confirmed for green, only for blue.)

Sometimes requests need specific type of pot - either Modern looking one or Simple looking one.



Plastic Pot
Desktop Tray* (arrangement of 3)
Wooden Planter (arrangement of 2)
Glass Vase
Seed Tray (arrangement of 9)

Hexagonal Terrarium
Hexagonal Pot
Sculpted Vase
Brass Pots (arrangement of 2)
Desktop Tray* (arrangement of 3)

*seems to work for both.


Need Confirmation:
Ceramic Pot
Ceramic Vase (presumably Simple)
Tribe Bowl
Chunky Wooden Pot (presumably Simple)
Golden Flake Trio (almost confirmed Modern)
Beaten Copper Pot
Outdoor Planter (presumably Simple)

Some of the plants guide's author came across while researching all of this! :D Use them as reference if you need one!

Carrot - small green flower.
Dragon Fruit - small green tree.
Lime - small blue grass.
Orange - large yellow grass.
Pepper - small green flower.
Pineapple - large yellow succulent.
Pomelo - large orange grass.
Fruity - small purple flower.
Maracuja - small purple grass.
Mango - average orange grass.

Technical stuff!
The following information is mostly technical and in the constant process of confirmation, so, beware! :D If you're interested still, here's the legend:
x - incorrect;
? - needs confirmation;
??? - author is confused by this plant for some reason;
none/v - attribute confirmed.

Grapefruit - small orange flower.???
Apple - large green? succulent.
Cucumber - average/small green? succulent.
Pumpkin - average? pink tree.
Pomegranate - large pink? grass.
Plum - large purple? succulent.
Sweetsop - average/small yellow? succulent.
Lingonberry - small purple?x tree.
Bergamot - average purple? tree.
Maypop - small yellow?orange? grass.
Olive - large? pink tree.
Mulberry - large green? succulent.
Tomato - average v turquoise v flower?

Fig - large purple?xx blue? grass?
Kiwi - small purple? grass?
Nectarine - average?x small? purple? tree.
Gooseberry - average? yellow? succulent.
Lemon - average? yellow?x tree.
Melon - small/average turquoise and yellow? and green?x flower.
Pitanga - large? green? succulent
Durian - average? red? treev

Apricot - large? violet? and violet?blue? tree?xx
Avocado - large? pink? and orange/red? flower?
Blackberry - large?x violet?x grass?
Banana - tall? yellow? flower?
Damson - large?x yellow? grass?x
Eggplant - large?x yellow?x and green? flower?
Kiwano - large?x yellow?x orange? flower?x
Onion - small? blue and green? grass?
Peach - large? purple? grass?
Pear - large? yellow?/green? flower?
Physalis - large?x average? blue? and green? grass?x flower?
Pulasan - average? green? succulent?
Raspberry - large? orange?x succulent.
Rambutan - large?x green? flower?
Soursop - large? yellow? and turquoise? and yellow? flower. orangexx averagex
Tamarillo - large? green? succulent?
Quince - large? green? and pink? flower?
Watermelon - large?x red?x grass?x
Candy - smalll? purple? and turquoise tree?

Jamo Games - the amazing developer of this game! :D