I made this for my own sake when just starting out with this game, and found it very helpful in order to get my head around the different types of settlements and how they upgrade. I hope it can be helpful to you, too!

Remember, there are many mechanics in the game that extend and alter these basic options.

Level 1 - Struggling
Level 2 - Established
Level 3 - Successful
Level 4 - Prosperous

• All People-producing settlements always require Food from Level 1 and Goods from Level 2. (And Goods and Food are not required anywhere else.)
  
• Food is only produced from Bots and/or Biomass.
  
• Water and Biomass are only produced from People or Bots.
  
• Forgeworlds are the only way to produce Goods.
  
• Minerals, Electronics, Bots and Goods are only produced on Mineral, Remnant and Forgeworld planets, and those planets don't produce anything else.
  
• Conversely, the rest of the planets together only produce People, Food, Water and Biomass
  
• "Gaiaworld" and "Mechanized Harvest" (the two settlements that produce both Water and Biomass) do not produce more when upgrading to Level 2.
  
• Mines and most Forgeworld settlements produce one extra product when upgrading to Level 4.
  
• Most settlement types do not require any extra resource types after Level 2. (There are a few exceptions.)