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正定开元寺-三门楼,Zhengding Kaiyuan Temple - Sanmen Tower

关键词：中国 古建筑 历史 传统建筑 唐代 河北 开元寺 石家庄 正定 寺庙 寺院 佛教 古风 古城 造景

正定开元寺三门楼复原，正定开元寺三门建于唐如意元年（692年），寺在开元二十六年改名为开元寺，据《解慧寺三门楼赞并序》，三门为寺南正门，上木下石，“基上为门，门上为楼”，推测为无腰檐、副阶的两层楼阁式建筑。开元寺唐代三门在明代尚存，万历二十八年《重修真定开元寺记》碑记：“寺前有门楼”，至1908年桑原骘藏拍摄时已毁，仅剩二柱立于原址，其余石柱残段散落各处，2008年，三门楼各石柱在查阅大量数据后，重修粘接修复，并重立在原处，恢复此唐代建筑遗迹。
复原数据依《正定开元寺唐三门楼石柱初步整理与探析》一文实测，推测面阔心间、次间复原为唐大尺15尺，梢间推测为13尺，进深两间各13尺，首层柱高17.5尺，二层柱高一丈，二层为四椽栿通檐两柱，每架6.5尺，材宽取17.8cm，合唐尺6寸材，足材高37.38cm。
造型为面阔五间，进深两间的楼阁式建筑，首层用分心槽，斗栱用六铺作三抄无令栱，二层四椽栿通搭，也用六铺作出三抄，歇山顶。
此门规模不小，是早期楼阁式三门的重要遗迹，与罗汉院大殿石柱一样，也经历了被毁-扰动-重新整理的过程，但此门被毁后，由于石柱上有大量唐代线刻图案、文字，所以颇得金石家关注，《常山贞石志》等均对石柱位置，造型有较为详细的描述，为复原提供了另一方面的依据。


Zhengding Kaiyuan Temple three gate tower restored, Zhengding Kaiyuan Temple three gates built in the first year of Tang Ruyi (692), the temple in the 26th year of the beginning of the new century renamed Kaiyuan Temple, according to the "Xiehui Temple Three Gate Lou Praise and Order", the three gates are the south main gate of the temple, the upper wood and the lower stone, "the base is the door, the door is the building", presumably a two-story pavilion-style building without waist eaves and secondary steps. The three gates of Kaiyuan Temple and the Tang Dynasty still exist in the Ming Dynasty, and the inscription in the 28th year of Wanli "Rebuilding the Zhending Kaiyuan Temple": "There is a gate tower in front of the temple", until 1908 when Kuwabara was filmed, it was destroyed, only two pillars stood on the original site, and the rest of the stone pillar fragments were scattered everywhere, in 2008, the stone pillars of the Sanmen Tower were rebuilt and bonded after consulting a large number of materials, and re-erected in place to restore this Tang Dynasty architectural remains.
According to the actual measurement of the article "Preliminary Sorting and Analysis of the Stone Pillars of the Tang Sanmen Tower of Zhengding Kaiyuan Temple", it is speculated that the width of the face and the second room are restored to 15 feet of Tang ruler, the height of the top is 13 feet, the depth of the two rooms is 13 feet each, the first layer column is 17.5 feet high, the second layer column is one zhang high, the second floor is four rafters and two columns, each frame is 6.5 feet, the width of the material is 17 .8cm, the Tang foot is 6 inches, and the foot height is 37.38cm.
The shape is a pavilion-style building with five wide faces and two deep rooms, with a distraction trough on the first floor, six pavings for three copies of the bucket, and four rafters on the second floor, and six pavings to make three copies to rest on the top of the mountain.
This gate is not small, is an important relic of the early pavilion-style three gates, like the stone pillars of the main hall of the Luohan Courtyard, it has also undergone the process of destruction-disturbance-rearrangement, but after the destruction of this door, because the stone pillar has a large number of Tang Dynasty line engraving patterns, text, so it has attracted the attention of the Jinshi family, "Changshan Zhenshi Zhi" and so on have a more detailed description of the location and shape of the stone pillar, providing another basis for restoration.

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