ᴍꜱ-ᴅᴏꜱ (/ˌƐᴍˌƐꜱˈᴅⱰꜱ/ ᴇᴍ-ᴇꜱ-ᴅᴏꜱꜱ; ᴀᴄʀᴏɴʏᴍ ꜰᴏʀ ᴍɪᴄʀᴏꜱᴏꜰᴛ ᴅɪꜱᴋ ᴏᴘᴇʀᴀᴛɪɴɢ ꜱʏꜱᴛᴇᴍ, ᴀʟꜱᴏ ᴋɴᴏᴡɴ ᴀꜱ ᴍɪᴄʀᴏꜱᴏꜰᴛ ᴅᴏꜱ) ɪꜱ ᴀɴ ᴏᴘᴇʀᴀᴛɪɴɢ ꜱʏꜱᴛᴇᴍ ꜰᴏʀ x86-ʙᴀꜱᴇᴅ ᴘᴇʀꜱᴏɴᴀʟ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴜᴛᴇʀꜱ ᴍᴏꜱᴛʟʏ ᴅᴇᴠᴇʟᴏᴘᴇᴅ ʙʏ ᴍɪᴄʀᴏꜱᴏꜰᴛ. ᴄᴏʟʟᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇʟʏ, ᴍꜱ-ᴅᴏꜱ, ɪᴛꜱ ʀᴇʙʀᴀɴᴅɪɴɢ ᴀꜱ ɪʙᴍ ᴘᴄ ᴅᴏꜱ, ᴀɴᴅ ᴀ ꜰᴇᴡ ᴏᴘᴇʀᴀᴛɪɴɢ ꜱʏꜱᴛᴇᴍꜱ ᴀᴛᴛᴇᴍᴘᴛɪɴɢ ᴛᴏ ʙᴇ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴀᴛɪʙʟᴇ ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴍꜱ-ᴅᴏꜱ, ᴀʀᴇ ꜱᴏᴍᴇᴛɪᴍᴇꜱ ʀᴇꜰᴇʀʀᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴀꜱ "ᴅᴏꜱ" (ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ɪꜱ ᴀʟꜱᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ɢᴇɴᴇʀɪᴄ ᴀᴄʀᴏɴʏᴍ ꜰᴏʀ ᴅɪꜱᴋ ᴏᴘᴇʀᴀᴛɪɴɢ ꜱʏꜱᴛᴇᴍ). ᴍꜱ-ᴅᴏꜱ ᴡᴀꜱ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴀɪɴ ᴏᴘᴇʀᴀᴛɪɴɢ ꜱʏꜱᴛᴇᴍ ꜰᴏʀ ɪʙᴍ ᴘᴄ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴀᴛɪʙʟᴇꜱ ᴅᴜʀɪɴɢ ᴛʜᴇ 1980ꜱ, ꜰʀᴏᴍ ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ ɪᴛ ᴡᴀꜱ ɢʀᴀᴅᴜᴀʟʟʏ ꜱᴜᴘᴇʀꜱᴇᴅᴇᴅ ʙʏ ᴏᴘᴇʀᴀᴛɪɴɢ ꜱʏꜱᴛᴇᴍꜱ ᴏꜰꜰᴇʀɪɴɢ ᴀ ɢʀᴀᴘʜɪᴄᴀʟ ᴜꜱᴇʀ ɪɴᴛᴇʀꜰᴀᴄᴇ (ɢᴜɪ), ɪɴ ᴠᴀʀɪᴏᴜꜱ ɢᴇɴᴇʀᴀᴛɪᴏɴꜱ ᴏꜰ ᴛʜᴇ ɢʀᴀᴘʜɪᴄᴀʟ ᴍɪᴄʀᴏꜱᴏꜰᴛ ᴡɪɴᴅᴏᴡꜱ ᴏᴘᴇʀᴀᴛɪɴɢ ꜱʏꜱᴛᴇᴍ.

ɪʙᴍ ʟɪᴄᴇɴꜱᴇᴅ ᴀɴᴅ ʀᴇ-ʀᴇʟᴇᴀꜱᴇᴅ ɪᴛ ɪɴ 1981 ᴀꜱ ᴘᴄ ᴅᴏꜱ 1.0 ꜰᴏʀ ᴜꜱᴇ ɪɴ ɪᴛꜱ ᴘᴄꜱ. ᴀʟᴛʜᴏᴜɢʜ ᴍꜱ-ᴅᴏꜱ ᴀɴᴅ ᴘᴄ ᴅᴏꜱ ᴡᴇʀᴇ ɪɴɪᴛɪᴀʟʟʏ ᴅᴇᴠᴇʟᴏᴘᴇᴅ ɪɴ ᴘᴀʀᴀʟʟᴇʟ ʙʏ ᴍɪᴄʀᴏꜱᴏꜰᴛ ᴀɴᴅ ɪʙᴍ, ᴛʜᴇ ᴛᴡᴏ ᴘʀᴏᴅᴜᴄᴛꜱ ᴅɪᴠᴇʀɢᴇᴅ ᴀꜰᴛᴇʀ ᴛᴡᴇʟᴠᴇ ʏᴇᴀʀꜱ, ɪɴ 1993, ᴡɪᴛʜ ʀᴇᴄᴏɢɴɪᴢᴀʙʟᴇ ᴅɪꜰꜰᴇʀᴇɴᴄᴇꜱ ɪɴ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴀᴛɪʙɪʟɪᴛʏ, ꜱʏɴᴛᴀx ᴀɴᴅ ᴄᴀᴘᴀʙɪʟɪᴛɪᴇꜱ. ʙᴇɢɪɴɴɪɴɢ ɪɴ 1988 ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴅʀ-ᴅᴏꜱ, ꜱᴇᴠᴇʀᴀʟ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴇᴛɪɴɢ ᴘʀᴏᴅᴜᴄᴛꜱ ᴡᴇʀᴇ ʀᴇʟᴇᴀꜱᴇᴅ ꜰᴏʀ ᴛʜᴇ x86 ᴘʟᴀᴛꜰᴏʀᴍ. ɪɴɪᴛɪᴀʟʟʏ, ᴍꜱ-ᴅᴏꜱ ᴡᴀꜱ ᴛᴀʀɢᴇᴛᴇᴅ ᴀᴛ ɪɴᴛᴇʟ 8086 ᴘʀᴏᴄᴇꜱꜱᴏʀꜱ ʀᴜɴɴɪɴɢ ᴏɴ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴜᴛᴇʀ ʜᴀʀᴅᴡᴀʀᴇ ᴜꜱɪɴɢ ꜰʟᴏᴘᴘʏ ᴅɪꜱᴋꜱ ᴛᴏ ꜱᴛᴏʀᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ᴀᴄᴄᴇꜱꜱ ɴᴏᴛ ᴏɴʟʏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴏᴘᴇʀᴀᴛɪɴɢ ꜱʏꜱᴛᴇᴍ, ʙᴜᴛ ᴀᴘᴘʟɪᴄᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ꜱᴏꜰᴛᴡᴀʀᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ᴜꜱᴇʀ ᴅᴀᴛᴀ ᴀꜱ ᴡᴇʟʟ. ᴘʀᴏɢʀᴇꜱꜱɪᴠᴇ ᴠᴇʀꜱɪᴏɴ ʀᴇʟᴇᴀꜱᴇꜱ ᴅᴇʟɪᴠᴇʀᴇᴅ ꜱᴜᴘᴘᴏʀᴛ ꜰᴏʀ ᴏᴛʜᴇʀ ᴍᴀꜱꜱ ꜱᴛᴏʀᴀɢᴇ ᴍᴇᴅɪᴀ ɪɴ ᴇᴠᴇʀ ɢʀᴇᴀᴛᴇʀ ꜱɪᴢᴇꜱ ᴀɴᴅ ꜰᴏʀᴍᴀᴛꜱ, ᴀʟᴏɴɢ ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴀᴅᴅᴇᴅ ꜰᴇᴀᴛᴜʀᴇ ꜱᴜᴘᴘᴏʀᴛ ꜰᴏʀ ɴᴇᴡᴇʀ ᴘʀᴏᴄᴇꜱꜱᴏʀꜱ ᴀɴᴅ ʀᴀᴘɪᴅʟʏ ᴇᴠᴏʟᴠɪɴɢ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴜᴛᴇʀ ᴀʀᴄʜɪᴛᴇᴄᴛᴜʀᴇꜱ. ᴜʟᴛɪᴍᴀᴛᴇʟʏ, ɪᴛ ᴡᴀꜱ ᴛʜᴇ ᴋᴇʏ ᴘʀᴏᴅᴜᴄᴛ ɪɴ ᴍɪᴄʀᴏꜱᴏꜰᴛ'ꜱ ᴅᴇᴠᴇʟᴏᴘᴍᴇɴᴛ ꜰʀᴏᴍ ᴀ ᴘʀᴏɢʀᴀᴍᴍɪɴɢ ʟᴀɴɢᴜᴀɢᴇ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴀɴʏ ᴛᴏ ᴀ ᴅɪᴠᴇʀꜱᴇ ꜱᴏꜰᴛᴡᴀʀᴇ ᴅᴇᴠᴇʟᴏᴘᴍᴇɴᴛ ꜰɪʀᴍ, ᴘʀᴏᴠɪᴅɪɴɢ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴀɴʏ ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴇꜱꜱᴇɴᴛɪᴀʟ ʀᴇᴠᴇɴᴜᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ᴍᴀʀᴋᴇᴛɪɴɢ ʀᴇꜱᴏᴜʀᴄᴇꜱ. ɪᴛ ᴡᴀꜱ ᴀʟꜱᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴜɴᴅᴇʀʟʏɪɴɢ ʙᴀꜱɪᴄ ᴏᴘᴇʀᴀᴛɪɴɢ ꜱʏꜱᴛᴇᴍ ᴏɴ ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ᴇᴀʀʟʏ ᴠᴇʀꜱɪᴏɴꜱ ᴏꜰ ᴡɪɴᴅᴏᴡꜱ ʀᴀɴ ᴀꜱ ᴀ ɢᴜɪ. ᴍꜱ-ᴅᴏꜱ ᴡᴇɴᴛ ᴛʜʀᴏᴜɢʜ ᴇɪɢʜᴛ ᴠᴇʀꜱɪᴏɴꜱ, ᴜɴᴛɪʟ ᴅᴇᴠᴇʟᴏᴘᴍᴇɴᴛ ᴄᴇᴀꜱᴇᴅ ɪɴ 2000; ᴠᴇʀꜱɪᴏɴ 6.22 ꜰʀᴏᴍ 1994 ᴡᴀꜱ ᴛʜᴇ ꜰɪɴᴀʟ ꜱᴛᴀɴᴅᴀʟᴏɴᴇ ᴠᴇʀꜱɪᴏɴ, ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴠᴇʀꜱɪᴏɴꜱ 7 ᴀɴᴅ 8 ꜱᴇʀᴠɪɴɢ ᴍᴏꜱᴛʟʏ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ʙᴀᴄᴋɢʀᴏᴜɴᴅ ꜰᴏʀ ʟᴏᴀᴅɪɴɢ ᴡɪɴᴅᴏᴡꜱ 9x.

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