I used this site to try to figure this out. https://progameguides.com/sovereign-syndicate/official-major-arcana-card-unlock-guide-sovereign-syndicate

I think this is the most optimized path for getting them all, but I'm not sure. I could never get the Hanged Man from the Steak Dinner quest, and if someone can figure that out that would be a lot quicker. The only other way I see of getting that is all the way in Chapter 10. If it weren't for that, you could get them all by Chapter 6.
Chapter 1
Choose Wit.
Warehouse. Sleeping Thug. Animal Instinct twice.
There’s an outfit in the trunk near him, you’ll need it.
Sewers. Pumphouse Captain. Wit Check. “Lie to him” “Sure. It’s Arthur dale. CN 678751”
Opium Din. Booth Stranger. “All I really have are guesses.”
Orphanage Dream. Sister Heloise when she’s near the blackboard. Idk if the first two matter, but I went Self Discipline and Wit. Than you need to pass the Wit check.
Chapter 2
Choose Grace
Silas. “How’s work coming along on the new prosthesis?” “Trouble on the production line?” You have to pass the Tact check.
Greenstreet. Intuition Test. “I’m the wrong woman to put a swindle on, Greenstreet” “Double Down”
Beggers Lane. Troubled Woman outside the Palladium. There’ll be an Intuition check you have to pass.
Make sure to accept and complete her quest. Mark the window. It’s the only room that you can go in, of the four upstairs in the Palladium.
Velvet Rose. Madam Zora. “I’ll get the medicine. We dollies need to stick together.”
Chapter 3
Choose Analysis
Workshop. Examine the bookshelf. Analysis test pass. “Precious books”
Go to Sorris Square for Eli and the Butcher.
Eli. While talking about werewolves. “Science is a set of tools” I don’t think the previous options matter?
Sucker Jones. “Shame to see what used to be a decent man so overcome” Make sure to collect his arm.
Chapter 4.
Self Discipline test with the fancy cabinet. “Let’s not get overwhelmed.”
Chapter 6
Go to the Warehouse. Pass the Empathy check with the Dock Hound. You have to have gone down the Molly's Mech quest-line a bit.
Chapter 10
Talking to Molly. “Up against the Copper ay? Then I say bring it on.”