Before the discovery of the spice mixture on the planet, Arrakis held little tactical, biological or geological interest for the inhabitants of the Old Empire. However, when royal alchemist Yansuph Ashkoko discovered its geriatric effects, it gained greater importance. After the Butlerian Jihad, the spice's powerful effects, especially in terms of space travel, quickly made it a significant resource and a focal point for the emerging Corrino Empire. The discovery of the spice mixture dramatically increased the importance of Arrakis, until by the time of Paul Atreides, it had become a critical component in the galaxy. Previous experiments had shown that sandworms died shortly after being transported from Arrakis to another world, regardless of how faithfully their ecosystem was reproduced. As a result, while Arrakis was a territory of House Harkonnen, the Corrinos sent Imperial Planetologist Pardot Kynes to analyze the planet's ecosystem. Kynes' analysis of Arrakis convinced him that the planet had once been a lush and fertile world. With careful planning and generations of planning, he believed that Arrakis could once again be a paradise. The Fremen, fascinated by Kynes' tales of vast bodies of water, greenery, and mild temperatures that did not require stillsuits, followed him fervently. Kynes was so enamored of the planet and its people that he married into a Fremen tribe, eventually becoming absorbed into their culture and becoming recognized as a leader among the Fremen. He saw so much potential in the planet and its people that he sought to keep its secrets secret from the emperor. This practice eventually led to Kynes' death, but not without leaving a legacy and vision for the Fremen people.

In 10,191 AG, ​​House Atreides arrived on Arrakis and took control of the planet and its spice production. By this time, the planet had been under the ruthless control of House Harkonnen, the enemies of the Atreides, who had been running spice mining operations for the Padishah Emperor Shaddam IV for several years. However, Atreides rule was cut short by a betrayal as part of a plot between the Harkonnen and Imperial forces.

House Atreides went into hiding, but after defecting to the Fremen, they quickly became their leaders thanks to their natural ability to command loyalty and their promise that Kynes' vision would be realized through their rule. Three years later, Paul Atreides, under the Fremen name Muad'Dib, used the atoms of the Atreides family to create a gap in the Shield Wall protecting Arrakeen. Entering the city on sandworms, the Fremen defeated the Harkonnen and Corrino forces, and Paul Atreides claimed victory and ascended to the Throne of the Golden Lion. Arrakis became the new center of power for both the Empire and the religious Jihad that Paul had unleashed on the known universe.

Eventually, Paul's limited interpretation of the Golden Path strategy led to the terraforming of the planet by Paul's son, the long-lived God-Emperor Leto Atreides II. Over the course of several millennia, Arrakis was transformed into a much more livable, green, and temperate world for humans, as Pardot Kynes had envisioned. Ultimately, however, the new ecology was dangerous to the giant sandworms, which were nearly extinct under Leto II's rule. During this time, new mountain ranges, forests, and rivers emerged. Extraterrestrial animals were introduced and took root on the planet. Only Leto's Sareer remains as evidence that Arrakis had once been a desert planet.

After approximately 3,500 years of rule, Leto II died while crossing the Idaho River after the Sareer Guard Wall was opened. Leto fell into the river, and his worm body was destroyed by the water, which was toxic to him. His body decomposed into sand trout, which absorbed the water, eventually recreating the conditions necessary for the emergence of sandworms. Over the next 1,500 years, under the biological terraforming effects of the sandtrout/sandworm cycle, Arrakis gradually became a desert. In addition, over the long millennia, many of the places' names were shortened. Arrakis eventually became known as Rakis, while the city of Arrakeen became known simply as Keen. After Leto's death, Leto's Fish Speakers, the Rakian Priesthood, and the Bene Gesserit took control of the planet.

The return of the Honored Matres 1,500 years later caused the most fear for the Raki, as most of humanity had gone into the Scattering. Much of the Scattering's humanity had been freed from the need for melange, and could now safely navigate space without ships and using navigation machines, without the need for spice-addicted Guild Navigators. The Honored Matres, in particular, saw eliminating the spice as a way to break the remaining power brokers in the Empire, the Bene Gesserit Sisterhood and the Tleilaxu (the only remaining users of the spice melange).

In an attempt to destroy the spice production center, the Honored Matres eventually

The attack was carried out by a Burning Weapon from outer space, an act that destroyed all biological life and turned parts of the planet's surface into molten glass. However, their efforts were not entirely successful, and the Bene Gesserit managed to escape with a ghola of Duncan Idaho; Sheeana; their leader Darwi Odrade; and a single sandworm that made its way to Chapterhouse. The sandworm survived the transplant, reviving the Bene Gesserit's hopes of recreating Arrakis or "Dune" on other planets throughout the Known Universe.

Arriving on the secret Bene Gesserit capital planet of Chapterhouse, Odrade had the worm drowned and transplanted some of the sandtrout into the soil. Gradually, the world was transformed into a planet similar to Dune, with the sandworm spice cycle.

I would like to conclude my comment with a poem thought to have been written by the Fremen.

A golden eternity spreads across the horizon,
Each grain of sand holds a prophecy.
The sun burns, the wind speaks,
And the desert silently speaks of destiny.

The sandworm returns from the depths,
The earth trembles at his footsteps.

The scent of spices permeates time,
With melange the doors to the stars open.

There is no water here in abundance,
But there is hope in the eyes.
The eyes of the Fremen are blue as night,
A people's resistance, a prophet in the desert.

His name is Arakis, cursed and sacred,
The dream of every dynasty, the trap of every enemy.
Thrones fall, kings are born,
The desert forgives only loyalty.

Though Paul's footprints fade with the wind,
His voice remains in the sand with an echo.
Muad'Dib is now a legend,
A golden star beating in the heart of Arakis