The Witness

The Witness

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Light Puzzles in the Ruined Town
By Innocentive
Step by step solution to the two light puzzles in the town
   
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Introduction
This guide will show how the light puzzles in the town can be solved. I guess I don't have to mention it but anyway:



I read in many threads that color theory is required to solve these puzzles. Though it may be possible to solve the puzzle like that (and I'm not entirely convinced that this is true), I wanted to show that color theory is not required. Besides the fact that I think it would be bad puzzle design if the player needed to use outside sources for a solution, I believe the game actually contains a sort of tutorial section for these two light puzzles. It can be found in the mountain.
Square Puzzle
First, let's take a look at the solution patterns for each color:



Now, from trying to apply a solution for a single color pattern it becomes clear that all solution patterns have to be complied with. But how to combine the solution patterns? Simply by looking at each solution pattern step by step and add the conclusions that can be drawn.

1. Green Pattern Conclusions

Here's the unsolved green solution pattern again:


The first conclusion could be that square A1 has to be separated from squares A2, B1 & B2. There's only one way to achieve that so let's mark it:


Next we can infer that C1, C2, D1 & D2 must be separated from all remaining squares. There are multiple ways to do that so let's just use the simplest one:


That's all for the green pattern. Now the conclusions have to be applied to the next pattern which will be the blue pattern in this guide.

2. Blue Pattern Conclusions

This is what the blue pattern looks like with the conclusions of the green pattern:


There's only one conclusion that can be drawn here: A3, A4, B3, B4 & C4 must be separated from the remaining squares. Again there are multiple ways to do that. To keep things simple the following separation line is used:

Having finished the blue pattern, the aggregate conclusion should be moved to the remaining solution pattern which is red.

3. Red Pattern Conclusions

Here's the outset for the conclusions that can be infered from the red solution pattern:


There are three groups of squares that contain multiple colors. Let's start with the big center area. A2, B1 & B2 must be separated from C3, D3 & D4. I figure the simplest way to do that is as follows:


Next, there is just one way to separate C2 from C1, D1 & D2:


That leaves us with C4 that has to be separated from B4 (and thereby from A3, A4 & B3):

Okay, we have the final solution pattern. While it can not be inferred from that solution pattern alone, it is a valid conclusion that each of the identified seven groups has a different color if we take the original three solution patterns into account. But I don't want to get side tracked here so let's move on with simplifying the solution pattern so that a single line from start to end can be found that separates all groups.

3. Simplification of the Solution Pattern

The way I simplified the solution pattern is by first looking at the bigger picture: It can be said that the four squares in each corner have to be separated from all other squares. In turn some of the four squares situated in each corner have to be separated from the other squares of that corner. The simplest way I can think of to comply with these rules is this:


Yes, there are redundant separation lines now but this setup is the simplest for finding the final solution because of the next step.

4. Refining the Solution Pattern to Required Lines
The reason for the simplification to look the way it does is because this step refines the solution pattern to those lines that are 100% required to achieve the final solution. For that to be possible the separation lines have to be drawn right next to the squares that require the separation.

Now, we can simply delete all the separation lines that don't have to be positioned as illustrated above.


Okay, you got me: I also left the line in that separates A3, A4, B3 & B4 from the rest because this line is the one way that leaves the most space for finding the final solution. In fact, one can logically deduce that this line is part of a valid solution for all three patterns but that deduction is just too difficult for me to examplify without screenshots and I don't want to blow up this guide more than necessary.

5. Finding the Solution
From the setup above you should be able to find the solution for the puzzle. I found two possible ways for the line. Just keep in mind that you have to separate the groups of three squares and the single squares in the corners from all other squares.

Here's one possible solution (spoiler hidden - if you want to see it hover your mouse over the black line below):
Starburst Puzzle
Again. let's start by looking at the three solution patterns that have to be complied with:


For this puzzle a different approach is advisable because this puzzle is not about separating symbols of different colors but about grouping as many symbols of different colors together, namely, two of each color in one group in accordance with the starburst rules. It just needs a few steps to find out which symbols have the same color.

1. Blue Pattern Conclusions

This is the blue solution pattern divided into four sections:


It is obvious that the symbols in sections 1 & 4 must have different colors than the symbols in sections 2 & 3. That's all that can be inferred from the blue solution pattern. Let's take this conclusion and apply it to the green solution pattern.

2. Green Pattern Conclusions

This is the green solution pattern with the same sections but they are now marked as sections A and B because we know that these two sections must have different colors:


No conclusion is possible for the colors of the symbols in section B. But it can be concluded that the symbols in section A must have at least two different colors. In the following screenshot, the different colors are marked with black circles and white circles:


And that's it for the green solution pattern.

3. Red Pattern Conclusions

This is the red solution pattern with the sections from above:


The red soulution pattern allows only for the conclusion that there must be at least two colors in section B. The following screenshot examplifies the two different colors with black squares and white squares:

4. Combination of Conclusions

The final step is to combine the previous findings:


And there you have it. Each combination of shape and color stands for a different color. There must be at least four different colors. Take note that it is unclear what colors that are. And for the solution it is not necessary to know the exact colors. It is only necessary to know that there are three different solution patterns that all have to be complied with!

You should be able to figure out the solution on your own now. If not, here is one possibility (again spoiler hidden - if you want to see it move your mouse over the black line below):
Conclusion
I hope these solution walkthroughs make sense and are easily understandable. Feel free to comment if you feel they do not and/or are not.

I also hope that I showed beyond doubt that color theory is not necessary to solve these puzzles. Let me reiterate that I strongly believe that none of the puzzles on the island require knowledge of that sort for the solution. If they did, in my opinion that would be bad puzzle design! A good puzzle can be solved from within itself. For some puzzles on the island you just need to realize that your surrounding is part of the puzzle. And the three different lighting situations provide sufficient ambience to the puzzle panels for them to be solved. The only rules you need to know to complete these two puzzles are the rules for square puzzles and for starburst puzzles.
8 Comments
pczelda2005 21 May, 2017 @ 12:36pm 
Yes indeed, this, other than a few puzzle doors that lead to locked video solutions and some 40+ environment puzzles, is all I have left to solve pre-caves. I've beaten the main story mode. My problem is, though I can see how your logic helps look at the puzzle, no matter how I try to apply it to draw the line, my solution fails.
Innocentive  [author] 21 May, 2017 @ 12:29pm 
Well, this guide was only intended to show what 'hidden' rules have to be complied with for a valid solution. The only thing that I guess I didn't mention is that you must have two stars of the same color in any area that is shaped by the line ... but I'm assuming you already know that much.
pczelda2005 21 May, 2017 @ 11:31am 
I don't know if you're still around, I have a question. After I figured out the left puzzle myself (the one with the squares, I did something similar to your nice guide here) I got stuck on the right starburst one, and am still stuck on it. Your guide is nice to figure out what's what in this right puzzle, but it doesn't help with final interpretations, to construct the end line. Here's where I have troubles. Is there any further advice/logic available, short of me just adopting your final solution?
Innocentive  [author] 13 Jul, 2016 @ 5:48am 
Glad it helped :)
Kira 13 Jul, 2016 @ 5:31am 
This guide to these puzzles helped me approach other color puzles, which I really struggled with. Thanks!
Innocentive  [author] 30 Jun, 2016 @ 5:38am 
As far as I know there's no consequence to solving these puzzles but the increase in puzzle count...
kindman 30 Jun, 2016 @ 5:21am 
i just spent an hour or two to find the solution on my own, actually using the same method but with a dash of colour theory ("this should be violett " etc.). now, i was super proud i did it, but there was no reaction from the game... does really nothing happen after you solve this redicolous hard puzzle, or did i miss sth,? great guide anyway...
nvls 4 Apr, 2016 @ 10:28am 
Thats just how I did it, great guide!