Originally posted by Totino:

I was mining and hearing that gradual swelling orchestral tune with the little dings and brass and it was honestly just beginning to drive me insane, as it's a good song for say, stepping onto a planet for the first time, but most decidedly not for existing on said planet for a while.

So yeah, any mods that let me do that? :(

Sadly Starbound music do that a lot. I don't want lullaby 15 minute song for mining foray, dammit. And you can't cycle tracks without leaving planet.
Only music player of is in Frackin' Universe, which is essential mod in my book, but not for first playthrough. It might be easier to just turn music down in game (you can't turn it off completely because Starbound) and listen to OST on Youtube or something.

This adds a music player that you can craft to change the music, there's a furniture version and a portable version which sounds like what you're looking for. Page also links to an addon that unlocks all the songs if you don't want to have to find them.

It's a standalone version of something from Betabound so if you have that already you don't need this.

https://steamhost.cn/steamcommunity_com/sharedfiles/filedetails/?id=2787383493

This next one I haven't used myself, but it also adds music players and there have been a bunch of other mods on the workshop to add more songs to it, from the description it looks like one of the music players is portable so that should probably work too.

I think it's already a part of the Shoggoths mod if you have that.

https://steamhost.cn/steamcommunity_com/sharedfiles/filedetails/?id=2796160049

If you already have Frackin Universe, this one adds a button to the quickbar that opens the music player from it, author says he stopped supporting it but someone in the comments says it's still working.

https://steamhost.cn/steamcommunity_com/sharedfiles/filedetails/?id=1471069017