I noticed some awkward translations of the faction names, so here are my recommended changes

东亚 East Asia（6）：
大明帝国，Ming Empire
日本幕府，Japanese Shogunate
蒙古帝国，Mongol Empire (The Timurids or the Oirats?)
女真部落，Jurchen Tribes
朝鲜王国，Kingdom of Joseon
东南亚的金地诸国， Kingdom of Ayutthaya (I struggled with this one because SEA during 16th century didn't have a single dominant entity, but Ayutthaya was probably the strongest there)

欧洲 Europe（13）：
德意志神圣罗马帝国，Holy Roman Empire (that's too long of a story...and in truth the HRE can be a MnB mod by itself)
法兰西王国，Kingdom of France
英格兰王国，Kingdom of England
西班牙王国，Kingdom of Spain
葡萄牙王国，Kingdom of Portugal
伦巴第诸国，Italian Duchies (Lombards is no longer a good name for Italians by 1516 and the Italian peninsula was very fragmented politically and a war was going on)
卡尔玛联盟，Kalmar Union
莫斯科公国，Grand Principality of Moscow
苏格兰王国，Kingdom of Scotland
波兰立陶宛联邦，Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
利窝里亚联邦，Livonian Confederation
克里木汗国，Crimean Khanate
圣约翰骑士团，Knights Hospitaller

中亚，中东 Central Asia, the Middle East（6）：
奥斯曼帝国，Ottoman Empire
埃及马穆鲁克苏丹国，Mamluk Sultanate
阿拉伯诸国，Arabian Emirates (This is also a weird one because they were pretty much subjugated by first Mamluks then later by the Ottomans during this time period)
哈萨克汗国，Kazakh Khanate
萨菲王朝，Safavid Dynasty
印度诸国，Delhi Sultanate (You could actually replace this with Mughal Empire and it wouldn't be too far off as the Mughal Empire was founded in 1526)

非洲 Africa（4）：
北非诸国，Barbary States (this is the closest collective name I can think of for those political entities of the time period, though Morocco wasn't considered part of this)
桑海帝国，Songhai Empire
斯瓦西里诸邦，Swahili City States
南非部落，South Africa Tribes

美洲 America（4）：
北美印第安部落，Native American Tribes
阿兹特克帝国，Aztec Empire
玛雅城邦，Mayan City States
印加帝国，Inca Empire