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Actually not true. Space's temperature is vacuum. It is the temperature of whatever implement that is measuring it (ie. a thermometer). So it varies widely depending on which side of the craft the thermometer is facing the sun. The direct rays from the sun are incredibly strong without an atmosphere reflecting or absoring that energy thereby filtering out most of the infrared heat. On the opposing side yes the temperature would read what is effectively the ambient heat of the craft it's attached to, or the residual heat of the thermometer itself. Considering without an atmosphere, a spacecraft will generate a lot of heat buildup in itself and the only way to release that heat is by infrared radiation. No convection of the heat to an outside source since there is no atmosphere and no conduction since there's nothing to conduct the energy to except itself.
Another neat fact, the reason things we send to space (shuttles, space stations, eva suits, etc) tend to be white isn't simply because it's cheaper and easier to detect from longer distances, but because they reflect as much of the sun's infrared rays as possible and try to prevent buildup of heat when possible.
So when you say something gets freeze-dried in the vacuum of space, is only because it was in shadow and it radiated all its heat away. The fluid would either freeze solid after losing that heat and later sublimate into gas, or boil from lack of vapor pressure. But if it were in the sunny-side, it would boil then be fried via infrared radiation and microwaves...along with the whole no vapor pressure holding any fluids in that state.