If you have the Gathering Storm expansion, click here for the updated guide.

This guide is no longer updated, but will remain for the sake of those without the Gathering Storm expansion.

Note: This guide requires the Rise and Fall expansion.

Content from DLC packs (Poland, Vikings, Australia, Persia/Macedon, Nubia, Khmer/Indonesia) is marked as such.

Our greatest explorers have gone further than any before. They tell of landscapes of ash, of ice, of windswept meadows - and of great wealth. Rich, defenceless coasts surround the islands and continents of the world. While our Longships take control of the seas, our Berserkers will push further inland, ensuring those who neglected the faith in favour of merely filling churches with material goods shall be punished for their sins. The fact we end up with the gold at the end of it all is merely coincidental.


This guide is divided into multiple sections explaining how best to use and play against this specific civ.

• The Outline details the mechanics of how the civilization's unique features work and what their start bias is (assuming they have one at all).
  
• The Victory Skew section describes to what extent the civ (and its individual leaders where applicable) are inclined towards particular victory routes. This is not a rating of its power, but rather a general indicator of the most appropriate route to victory.
  
• Multiple sections for Uniques explain in detail how to use each special bonus of the civilization.
  
• Administration describes some of the most synergistic governments, government buildings, policy cards, age bonuses, pantheons, religious beliefs, wonders, city-states and Great People for the civ. Only the ones with the most synergy with the civ's uniques are mentioned - these should be given more consideration than they would be for other civs but are not necessarily the "best" choices when playing as the civ for a given victory route.
  
• Finally, the Counter-Strategies discusses how best to play against the civ, including a consideration of leader agendas if the civ is controlled by a computer.

Note that all costs (production, science, culture, gold, etc.) mentioned within the guide assume a game played on the normal speed settings. To modify these values for other game speeds:

• Online: Divide by 2
  
• Quick: Divide by 1.5
  
• Epic: Multiply by 1.5
  
• Marathon: Multiply by 3

Terminology used in this guide and not in-game is explained here.

AoE (Area of Effect) - Describes bonuses or penalties that affect multiple tiles in a set radius. Positive examples include Factories and Stadiums (which by default offer production and happiness respectively to cities within a 6 tile radius unless they're within range of another building of the same type) and a negative example is nuclear weapons, which cause devastation over a wide radius.

Beelining - The strategy of obtaining a technology or civic quickly by only researching it and its prerequisites. Some deviation is allowed in the event that taking a technology or civic off the main track provides some kind of advantage that makes up for that deviation (either a source of extra science/culture or access to something necessary for a eureka or inspiration boost.

CA (Civ Ability) - The unique ability of a civilization, shared by all its leaders. Unlike unique units, buildings, districts and improvements, civ abilites do not have to be built.

Compact empires - Civs with cities close together. This is useful if you want to make use of districts that gain adjacency bonuses from other districts, maximise the number of copies of the same district in the same area, or to maximise the potential of area-of-effect bonuses later in the game.

Dispersed empires - Civs with cities that are spread out. This is useful if you want to ensure cities have plenty of room for both districts and tile improvements. Civs with unique tile improvements generally favour a more dispersed empire in order to make use of them, as do civs focused on wonder construction.

GWAM - Collective name for Great Writers, Artists and Musicians. All of them can produce Great Works that offer tourism and culture, making them important to anyone seeking a cultural victory.

LA (Leader Ability) - The unique ability of a specific leader, which like civ abilities do not have to be built. Usually but not always, they tend to be more specific in scope than civ abilities. Some leader abilities come with an associated unique unit on top of the standard one every civ has.

Prebuilding - Training a unit with the intention of upgrading it to a desired unit later. An example is building Slingers and upgrading them once Archery is unlocked.

Start bias - The kind of terrain, terrain feature or resource a civilization is more likely to start near. This is typically used for civilizations that have early bonuses dependent on a particular terrain type. There are five tiers of start bias; civs with a tier 1 start bias are placed before civs of tier 2 and so on, increasing their odds of receiving a favourable starting location.

Complete information on start biases within the game can be found in the Civilizations.xml file (find the Civ 6 folder in Steam's program files, then go through the Base, Assets, Gameplay and Data folders to find the file). DLC and Expansion civs have a similarly-named file in their corresponding folders. If a civilization is not listed as having a start bias there, it does not have one, even if you feel like you keep spawning in the same terrain when playing as that civ.

Super-uniques - Unique units that do not replace any others, and are hence particularly unique. Examples include India's Varu and Mongolia's Keshigs.

Tall empires - Empires that emphasise city development over expansion, usually resulting in fewer, but bigger, cities.

Uniques - Collective name for civ abilities, leader abilities, unique units, unique buildings, unique districts and unique improvements.

UA (Unique Ability) - A collective name for leader abilities and civ abilities.

UB (Unique Building) - A special building which may only be constructed in the cities of a single civilization, which replaces a normal building and offers a special advantage on top.

UD (Unique District) - A special district which may only be constructed in the cities of a single civilization, which replaces a normal district and offers some unique advantages on top. In some cases, there may be minor disadvantages as well, but these are always outweighed by the positive features. All unique districts cost half as much to construct relative to the regular districts they replace.

UI (Unique Improvement) - A special improvement that can only be built by the Builders of a single civilization. Unlike unique buildings or districts, these do not replace a regular improvement. Some require a technology to unlock, and many have their yields improved with later technologies. "UI" always refers to unique improvements in my guides and not to "user interface" or "unique infrastructure".

UU (Unique Unit) - A special unit that may only be built by a single civilization, and in some cases only when that civilization is led by a specific leader. These usually replace an existing unit and offer extra advantages (and occasionally minor disadvantages as well in exchange for bigger advantages).

Wide empires - Empires that emphasise expansion over city development, usually resulting in more, but smaller, cities.

Norway has a tier 3 start bias for coast and a tier 5 start bias for woods tiles. The coastal start bias makes it easier to make use of Viking Longships early on, while the woods start bias allows you to get more out of Stave Churches.

• May cross ocean tiles with the classical-era Shipbuilding technology instead of the renaissance-era Cartography technology.
  
• Naval melee units may heal 10 health per turn in neutral territory even without the Auxiliary Ships promotion
  
• Embarking and disembarking land units costs just one movement point
  
  • Units always end up with fewer movement points remaining after embarking or disembarking regardless of whether or not their maximum movement points changed in the process.

• All melee naval units can perform coastal raids, an ability otherwise restricted to naval raider units.
  
• +50% production bonus when constructing naval melee units.

An ancient-era naval melee unit which replaces the Galley



Positive changes

• 30 strength, up from 25.
  
• +1 movement point if starting on a coast tile

A medieval-era melee infantry unit which does not replace anything

*Purchasing units with faith requires the Grand Master's Chapel government building, which requires either the medieval-era Divine Right or renaissance-era Exploration civics.

**If you lack access to nitre, you may continue to build Berserkers even beyond the Gunpowder technology.


Notable features

• Does not require resources to build
  
• Has 40 strength, 4 more than classical-era Swordsmen and 15 less than renaissance-era Musketmen
  
• -5 strength when defending
  
• +10 strength when attacking
  
• +2 movement points when starting a turn in enemy territory
  
  • If you capture the territory, Berserkers starting in that captured land will still have 2 extra movement points until the end of the turn.
• -1 movement point cost to pillage

A classical-era Holy Site building which replaces the Temple



Positive changes

• +1 faith per adjacent woods tile
  
  • This particular bonus works even if the woods are improved, unlike the normal Holy Site adjacency bonus.
    
  • This stacks with the standard +1 faith per two adjacent unimproved woods tiles.
• All tiles containing coastal resources within the city limits provide +1 production.

In this section, the civ is subjectively graded based on how much it leans towards a specific victory type - not how powerful it is. Scores of 3 or more mean the civ has at least a minor advantage towards the victory route.


Culture isn't really the best route for Norway, although they have a couple of slight advantages. Being able to cross oceans early means you can start attracting tourists from the whole world sooner, and the production bonus of Stave Churches can aid with wonder construction.

Domination is clearly your best option. Stave Churches offer a production advantage; something that's always good for a domination-oriented civ. Harald Hardrada takes it further by giving you a 50% production bonus to naval melee units. Viking Longships have good early-rush potential on very water-heavy maps, but still can be good otherwise supporting your other military efforts. Berserkers are a stronger attacking than Knights for the same cost, arrive slightly earlier, and can easily pillage farms to recover health. Both UUs also benefit from Oligarchy and Oligarchic legacy for a +8 strength boost. Finally, being able to cross oceans early combined with easy embarking and disembarking allows you to bring your medieval-era military strength to the entire world.

Religious victory is a reasonable path for Norway. While the unique faith bonus from Stave Churches isn't especially high, being able to send your religious units overseas sooner can give you an edge in the race to convert the world's heathens. Norway also has a good shot of getting both a classical and medieval era Golden Age thanks to their exploration advantages and having both UUs and the UB arriving early enough for their era score boost to be applicable - this allows you to get a lot out of Exodus of the Evangelists.

Scientific victory is a possibility, but not an especially strong one. Stave Church production bonuses offer a bit of a hand up with space projects, but you're often better off just using that production towards some late-game warfare if you get to that point.

I don't even have Maritime Industries yet and I'm churning these things out rapidly.

There's a lot of little distinct features to Norway, but the ones that come first are the naval advantages. Harald Hardrada offers the strongest naval unit in the game until the renaissance era, a powerful production bonus and the ability for them to pillage land tiles. Norway's civ ability also adds healing in neutral seas to naval melee units, and ocean crossing two eras early. These advantages interweave with each other heavily, but each individual benefit will be mainly discussed in the appropriate unique section.


Three of Norway's five uniques (including Harald Hardrada's leader ability) modify naval melee units, so before anything else, it's useful to know how they function. Naval melee units are reasonably fast, great at exploring and are the only non-land units that can capture cities. However, having a melee attack, they always take damage when they engage in combat, and they're not particularly good against city walls (use naval ranged units for that). Furthermore, like all naval units, they by default can only heal in friendly seas (Norway allows healing in neutral seas as well, but not enemy seas).

There are four types of naval melee units: Galleys (ancient era, replaced by Viking Longships), Caravels (renaissance era), Ironclads (industrial era, requires coal) and Destroyers (atomic era). They all share a set of promotions:



All four naval melee units can be constructed faster with Harald Hardrada's leader ability. Keep in mind that "+50% production" does not mean "build them in 50% less time" - it's more like 33%.

You can build upon the production bonus (making it 150%) with the appropriate policy card:

• Maritime Industries (Requires the ancient-era Foreign Trade civic, covers ancient and classical eras)
  
• Press Gangs (Requires the renaissance-era Exploration civic, covers renaissance and industrial eras)
  
• International Waters (Requires the atomic-era Cold War civic, covers modern, atomic and information eras)

That makes naval melee units essentially 60% cheaper than it would be for another civ without the policy card (though that ignores any other production multipliers like the Ruhr Valley wonder). Or, in other words, you can get five naval units for the price of two.

Remember that the production bonus does not affect gold purchasing. it's best to refrain from buying naval units considering the high cost involved. If you have lots of spare gold, consider instead buying land units in coastal cities you may capture so you can defend them.

All of Norway's melee naval units can perform coastal raids, an ability otherwise restricted to naval raider units. This is essentially a form of pillaging, but with a few special rules and restrictions.

To carry out a coastal raid, you need the following:

• Be on a coastal tile adjacent to land. Being on a lake or city tile does not count!
  
• Have at least 3 movement points remaining, which will be used up for the action.
  
• The adjacent land tile must be one of the following:
  
  • A tribal village without a Barbarian present
    
  • An empty Barbarian Encampment
    
  • A tile improvement or district (not a Harbour or Encampment) owned by a civ or city-state you're at war with which does not have a military unit present and has not already been fully pillaged
    
  • An enemy civilian unit without any military unit escorting it
    
    • Settlers and Builders are captured and converted to your side.
      
    • Great People are returned to an enemy city.
      
    • Other civilian units are destroyed.

Tribal Villages and Barbarian Encampments


Anyone home? No? You left your gold here... Oh well, guess it's mine now.

Coastal raiding can be used on tribal villages to earn rewards as if you entered them using a land unit. Obviously, this can only be used on villages adjacent to the sea, but this can still result in you getting gold, research boosts and era score (among other things) other civs wouldn't get.

You can also clear Barbarian Encampments this way. That's really useful for isolated islands that churn out annoying Barbarian naval units. Take some Quadriremes or other naval ranged units so you can clear the camp ready to be raided.

Improvements and Districts

Regular naval units can pillage coastal tiles, and they can produce a reasonable array of rewards:

• Fishery - Up to 50 health
  
• Fishing Boats - Up to 50 health
  
• Harbour - 50
  
• Kampung* (Indonesia) - Up to 50 health
  
• Offshore Oil Rig - 70
  
• Polder (Netherlands) - 25
  
• Water Park - Up to 50 health

Coastal raids can pillage improvements and nearly all districts positioned on land tiles next to the sea, meaning you can get a lot out of war even if you can't capture any cities. Remember that districts can be pillaged multiple times until all individual buildings and the district itself are pillaged.

In alphabetical order, here are all the land-based tile improvements and districts you can pillage with coastal raids, and their yields. Districts are shown in bold.

*Only appears with specific DLC. In the case of the Alcazar and Monastery tile improvements, they require the Vikings Scenario Pack.

Note: Encampments cannot be pillaged via a coastal raid and produce no yield when pillaged.

These are only the base yields, which will increase over the course of the game (with the exception of health-granting pillages).

The classical-era Raid policy card (requires the Military Training civic) and the industrial-era Total War policy card (requires the Scorched Earth civic) doubles the yields from pillaging, which includes coastal raids.

Late in the game, it's worth looking out for Seaside Resorts - they have to be next to the coast, so they're all vulnerable to coastal raids, they produce 100 gold per pillage, and pillaging them sets back your enemy's tourism output.

Civilian units

Finally, if an enemy is foolish enough to leave civilians on the coast unescorted, you can use coastal raids to convert them to your cause. This can be useful for snapping up Builders that Barbarians managed to take, but it can also be used to deter enemy Builders from trying to repair their pillaged coastal improvements. That's especially useful late in the game if you're trying to stop a cultural victory by pillaging Seaside Resorts.

If military escorts do show up, ranged naval units with the Preparatory Fire promotion are pretty good at handling them.

• Make use of naval production-boosting policy cards
  
• Bring a melee and ranged naval unit together when exploring and you can take out coastal Barbarian Encampments you encounter.
  
• Coastal raiding makes war worthwhile even if you can't take cities

Safe and sound where no-one can find me.

If Harald Hardrada's leader ability wasn't enough, here's another load of naval bonuses!


Although this only allows ocean crossing one technology early, Cartography is extremely expensive to research when it first arrives, given that technologies are more expensive if you try and research them ahead of the present game era. It also has a eureka requirement that can take a while to unlock (having two Harbour districts). As such, Norway will still have a notable head start to ocean exploration. It also helps that the eureka for Shipbuilding requires you to build two Viking Longships, which is really easy to do.

The obvious benefit of early ocean crossing is the exploration potential. You can easily meet every civ and most city-states in the game, start trading luxuries to civs on other continents (which will have different ones to you) and use the coastal raid function on tribal villages you may encounter long before anyone else can get there. You may even find empty landmasses you can settle a few cities on, making it a good forward base of operations for your navy later.

Meeting all city-states in particular can be very powerful. City-states give you one quest per era. If you discover them two eras early, that could mean up to two envoys per discovered city-state. Even if you can't complete many quests, finding more city-states early means you have more choice regarding where to send envoys for the best envoy and suzerain bonuses.

A less obvious benefit is the ability to withdraw units in war-time. Withdrawing a naval unit into the ocean, with at least a tile gap between them and the nearest coastal tile, will render them safe from attacks until either the enemy civ reaches the renaissance era, has the Leif Erikson Great Admiral (who doesn't arrive until the medieval era) or has a Quadrireme with the Coincidence Rangefinding promotion (which is very rare, and in that case you can just retreat the unit another tile). Being able to do this works very well with the next part of Norway's civ ability...


All Norwegian naval melee units can heal in neutral territory for 10 health per turn. This isn't an especially fast source of health (and it's important to remember that it doesn't work for naval ranged units such as Quadriremes) but it nonetheless significantly aids your lasting power in naval warfare, especially early in the game when you don't have many farms or fishing boats to pillage. Make use of your ability to retreat into ocean tiles, and you can safely restore health and quickly get back into the fight when the unit's healed up.

Outside of wartime, this also helps with exploration. Barbarian naval units (and their land-based ranged units) can be a pain at times, but if you can move far enough to lose them, you can heal up and get right back to exploring more sea rather than having to go all the way back to land.



Awkward coastlines won't slow my Spearman down.

The slow process of moving units from sea to land and back again can be partially alleviated with a Harbour district, but Norway can ignore all that and instead easily move land units between land and sea tiles. This can save time when escorting armies to new continents and making hasty escapes if units get injured, but it also can help speed up your religious units. Faster religious units means more cities converted to your faith sooner, which is very handy if you're going for a religious victory.

Later in the game, when embarked movement limits increase, you can use it to rapidly get large numbers of units from being embarked to moving inland. That's particularly powerful if you're launching a surprise war against another civ, as you can be a serious threat on land right from the start rather than needing to spend time securing your position.

• Early ocean crossing is great for exploration
  
• Retreat to ocean tiles to heal up prior to enemies entering the renaissance, so they can't hurt you
  
• Quick disembarking can be used to flood enemy lands with your own land units on the first turn of war.

I've talked about various tricks and tactics, but the Viking Longship is what helps to bring Norway's unique abilities together into effective strategies.

You only need the Sailing technology to build Viking Longships, and it's very much worth your while to get one built quickly. You'll gain a massive +7 era score from building your first one if it's the first naval unit in the world, giving you a good shot at securing a classical-era Golden Age.

With 4 movement in coastal tiles, they're one of the fastest things around at this early stage of the game, making them ideal for exploration. Exploration can find you city-states (and handy first-discovery envoy bonuses), tribal villages (which grant +1 era score each if explored/raided in the ancient era), and vulnerable enemy cities.

Viking Longships have 30 strength and with the Maritime Industries policy card, are essentially cheaper to build than Scouts. You can build them in decent quantities before many civs even have Ancient Walls in their main cities, never mind their minor ones. Declaring war in the ancient era carries no warmonger penalties, and although taking cities still does, the penalties won't be quite so harsh. That being said, loyalty pressures make it quite hard to hold onto captured coastal cities unless you can push inland and take other cities, so consider restricting yourself to coastal raiding until Berserkers are available. Putting pressure on other civs can encourage them to dedicate more resources to defence rather than development - which might be quite useful if you're going for a religious victory and want to slow down the development of new infrastructure in your religious rivals' lands.

By the time you have enough sources of loyalty to hold onto captured coastal cities, enemy cities will probably fortify themselves with some walls. As such, you may need to bring Quadriremes with your Viking Longships to help handle city defences. They're a bit slower and don't benefit from Norway's unique abilities (aside from the ability to cross oceans early), so they're less disposable. Resist the temptation to pillage fishing boats with your Viking Longships so you can pillage them with your Quadriremes to heal up.

Viking Longships benefit from Oligarchy and its legacy card for a combined +8 strength boost, putting them at a reasonably impressive 38 strength. Archers will deal on average 9 damage against a full-health Oligarchy-boosted Viking Longship, and Crossbowmen 16, so only superior numbers, superior technology or a few Catapults will cause your Longships any real trouble.


Viking Longships can be used in early-rushing strategies, for exploration or to pressure other civs into neglecting peaceful development in favour of stronger defences. This can help lay the foundation for Berserker wars, but it can also give you an early edge which helps the religious game.

The units themselves will be useful right up until the renaissance era, where they're completely eclipsed by Caravels. Caravels are stronger, faster, and still have access to Norway's unique abilities (healing in neutral land, coastal raids, and you can build them faster than other civs can), so upgrade all your Viking Longships you can to them.

You can have a lot of fun messing around with Viking Longships, but unless you're on a very water-heavy map, they generally won't win you the game. Something that can help you with the next step is the Stave Church, which offers both bonus production and faith. Faith can buy you military units at an affordable rate with the Grand Master's Chapel Government Plaza building, so both yields can help you in the domination game - it's not just useful for the religious game!


Holy Sites (and hence Stave Churches) are much more useful if you can found a religion of your own, but Norway's naval-heavy early game can make it hard to fit that in. Here's a plan of action to help you secure a Great Prophet:

• Build a Viking Longship before any other civ builds a naval unit so you gain a total of +7 era score
  
• Build 1-2 Holy Sites fairly early to start accumulating a few Great Prophet Points
  
• Train a small number of land-based units to fight Barbarians (Slingers are good as you can upgrade them to Archers and later Crossbowmen to complement your Berserkers)
  
• Use your Viking Longships to track down and raid coastal tribal villages for extra era score.
  
• Securing a classical-era Golden Age should be fairly easy - use it to take Exodus of the Evangelists for the bonus Great Prophet Points.

Of course, taking that course of action does mean not choosing one of the other strong Golden Age bonuses, but you can always take one of those in the medieval game era. You can usually get both a Stave Church built and a Berserker trained before the classical game era ends for a total of +8 era score, so you'll have a decent shot at getting another Golden Age.


This is not a spectacular bonus, but not meaningless seeing as it gives you more of what you get out of religious buildings anyway. Unimproved woods next to the Holy Site become better than mountains, and even improved ones match up to them - allowing you to use more lumber mills if you wish.

One thing this allows you to do is settle exclusively in coastal areas without having to worry about how many mountains are available - you have a backup. Admittedly, there will be times where you have neither woods nor mountains, but you still have more flexibility than most civs.

Still, if you're willing to work for it, a single Stave Church can provide a huge amount of science. You'll need the Dance of the Aurora Pantheon, a Holy Site surrounded by as many tundra woods tiles as possible, and to obtain the medieval Great Scientist Hildegard of Bingen, who makes a Holy Site add its adjacency yield to science. A Holy Site with a Stave Church completely surrounded by tundra woods would provide +15 faith per turn, and therefore +15 science per turn. This doubles to +30 per turn with the Scripture economic policy card.



I don't even have a lighthouse yet, but thanks to the Stave Church and God of the Sea, the yield of this tile is great.

This is usually the main reason you'll want Stave Churches, making them worthwhile in any coastal city with more than a couple of water-based resources. If you build a Holy Site fairly early, you can quickly secure the God of the Sea pantheon so together with this building your coastal cities will have strong production outputs. Add a Harbour with a Lighthouse, and that's an extra +1 food on top.

Small islands often have high numbers of coastal resources nearby. For many civs, these islands tend to be very unproductive, but Norway can make them quite powerful.

Bonus production will be really helpful for getting Berserkers trained and Siege Towers built, considering you can't upgrade other units into them. If you want to continue on the warpath beyond that point, it'll also be great for churning out naval melee units at ridiculous speeds.

While Viking Longships terrorise the seas, Berserkers give you considerable power on land. While slightly weaker on defence than Swordsmen and considerably more expensive than them, they have mobility and offensive power superior to a Knight while retaining bonuses against anti-cavalry units and the ability to impose Zone of Control - though they lack the ability to ignore Zone of Control.


Berserkers arrive at the medieval-era Military Tactics techology. Although it's possible to beeline it, there may be many other pressures for research. Here are three possible approaches:

The Faster Approach

This is more suited for maps heavy on land and light on water. The aim is to get Berserkers out quickly and worrying about other uniques later. Here's one possible research route, but remember this isn't set in stone and some prerequisite technologies aren't listed here:

• Start with a Builder technology if required (Animal Husbandry, Mining, Sailing or Irrigation - whichever is most urgent.)
  
• Research Writing and get Campuses built
  
• Research Bronze Working so you can build a Spearman; send them to kill a Barbarian for the Military Tactics eureka - this should save you more science than it costs.
  
• Now, beeline Military Tactics.

The problem with this approach is it weakens your early exploration potential, makes it take longer until you can enjoy the yields coastal raiding can grant you, and reduces your odds of founding a religion.

The Slower Approach

This is good when you want Berserkers reasonably early, but you also want to not neglect other uniques. Here's a vague potential research order, but remember again that this is only an example and nothing to strictly follow:

• Sailing
  
• Astrology for Holy Sites (can be delayed if necessary)
  
• Clean up other necessary Builder technologies
  
• Writing for Campus districts
  
• Bronze Working for Spearmen and the eureka boost they offer. If you have time, building a couple of Encampments with Barracks will help you secure a Great General.
  
• Shipbuilding (can also be delayed if necessary)
  
• Masonry for Battering Rams
  
• Now, beeline Military Tactics.

If you're taking a slower route and manage to found an early religion, consider taking the Crusade belief and spreading it to your neighbours for a powerful +10 strength boost. It should at least partially compensate for delaying Berserkers.

Meanwhile, on the civics tree...

You can build Berserkers faster with the Feudal Contract policy card available at Feudalism. Here's one possible civic route to get there, while not neglecting other bonuses:

• Foreign Trade (unlocks Maritime Industries, allowing you to build Viking Longships faster).
  
• Political Philosophy (needed for Oligarchy, which synergises very well with Berserkers)
  
• Military Tradition (needed for flanking and support bonuses - don't forget this one!)
  
• Theology
  
• Feudalism

Once more, this is not a definite route you have to follow. You may want Military Training sooner for the Raid policy card (double rewards from pillaging improvements) for example.


Berserkers are great on the attack, but vulnerable in defence. For that reason, you'll need to build them in reasonable numbers so you can rotate out ones that are injured while still placing pressure on your opponents. Bring some siege support as well (Battering Rams or Siege Towers are good) and you should be able to fight reasonably effectively.

A classical or medieval-era Great General is a great help for Berserkers, but requires you to dedicate time towards building Encampments. Oligarchy will be particularly useful - with its legacy card, it's worth a +8 strength boost, making your Berserkers defend better than Pikemen and attack better than unboosted Musketmen.


Berserkers are slow in your own lands, but if they start a turn in enemy territory they start with +2 movement. That can be used to surround enemy units (allowing flanking bonuses) and cities (placing them under siege and hence preventing them from healing), as well as for retreating if things go wrong.

Because Berserkers are so much stronger attacking than defending, it's important to play aggressively. Leaving enemy units alive is dangerous - even if they only have 1 HP left, they'll still generally do more damage attacking your Berserker than your Berserker would receive when attacking them. Flanking bonuses will really help when attacking. To boost your defence, consider keeping Berserkers clustered together so they can gain support bonuses from each other.

As a helpful bonus, the speed bonus works even when embarked, as does the attack bonus and defence penalty. The attack bonus makes Berserkers great at amphibious assaults, but be sure to escort them with your Longships or Caravels as their defence will be particularly low.

It's not unusual to start a turn with a few very injured Berserkers. Thankfully, their reduced pillage cost allows them to burn an enemy farm for health and still move a tile or attack in the same turn. Cheap pillaging can also be nice if you want to tear apart enemy mines for gold or suchlike in the middle of war. Be careful about pillaging districts - if you take the city later, you're going to have to dedicate production to fixing it.

Once you can start promoting Berserkers, they become much better in defence. The Tortoise promotion is great, ensuring that Crossbowmen are significantly less of a threat, while Zweihander helps them to handle Knights. Elite Guard is particularly interesting, as it allows you to attack and then pillage the tile the Berserker's on, ensuring the unit has enough health left to survive counter-attacks.


When Musketmen start arriving onto the battlefield in significant numbers, Berserkers will find it harder to justify their presence. Berserkers have significantly weaker defence, and their mobility and pillaging advantages will only get them so far.

So, assuming Berserkers weren't enough to win you the game, it's time to consider where to go next. Having lots of cities from Berserker wars (and maybe some wonders) can support a religious victory path fairly well, and that's quite a good route to take. Alternatively, you can emphasise naval units once again as you go down the road of warfare some more.

Note that the Administration sections strictly cover the options that have particularly good synergy with the civ's uniques. These are not necessarily the best choices, but rather options you should consider more than usual if playing this civ relative to others.


Tier One

Norway is unique in having two unique units that both benefit from Oligarchy's strength bonus, making it the obvious choice.

Complement it with the Warlord's Throne so conquests grant you bonus production.

Tier Two

Theocracy and the Grand Master's Chapel is a great combination for letting you use your faith to support your military, as faith-purchasing is relatively affordable. Even if you're playing religiously and don't need to faith-purchase military units, getting faith from coastal raiding will make the Grand Master's Chapel worthwhile.

Tier Three

Fascism works best if you want to carry on with warfare. If you're after a religious victory, Democracy tends to work best due to high number of economic policy cards.

Complement it with the War Department and it'll help your units heal from regular and theological combat alike.


Ancient Era

Conscription (Military, requires State Workforce) - This makes Viking Longships free to maintain, allowing you to spam as many as you like without trouble. It also helps you handle the relatively high maintenance cost of Berserkers.

God-King (Economic, requires Code of Laws) - Using this policy card improves your odds of getting to the God of the Sea pantheon before someone else can take it.

Limitanei (Military, requires Early Empire) - Loyalty is a huge problem when you're trying to capture coastal cities. If you want to hold onto those cities for more than a few turns, you'll probably need a policy card like this one.

Maritime Industries (Military, requires Foreign Trade) - Produce Viking Longships at breakneck speeds, and Quadriremes pretty quickly as well.

Classical Era

Praetorium (Diplomatic, requires Recorded History) - Grants bonus loyalty to cities with Governors, helping you hold onto captured coastal cities for longer.

Raid (Military, requires Military Training) - Coastal raiding and Berserker pillaging can produce some nice yields. Look out for mines in particular - they'll now give 50 science a time when pillaged.

Scripture (Economic, requires Theology) - Build on the bonus Stave Churches offer.

Medieval Era

Feudal Contract (Military, requires Feudalism) - This allows you to produce Berserkers quite a bit faster.

Renaissance Era

Colonial Offices (Economic, requires Exploration) - Capturing coastal cities on new landmasses? The loyalty bonus on here will be very helpful.

Press Gangs (Military, requires Exploration) - A huge production boost for the Ages of Sail and Steam, allowing you to build Caravels and Ironclads extremely quickly. It's also good for Frigates and Privateers.

Simultaneum (Economic, requires Reformed Church) - The Stave Church adjacency bonuses make it easier to reach the requisites of this policy card's full yield.

Wars of Religion (Military, requires Reformed Church) - A good way to tie together Norway's religious and military skews.

Industrial Era

Total War (Military, requires Scorched Earth) - Same effect as Raid. You can continue to raid coasts using your melee naval units, but remember that Privateers and other naval raiders are invisible to most other units meaning they can raid without as much of a threat of being attacked.

Modern Era

Levee en Masse (Military, requires Mobilisation) - A huge navy is going to cost you an awful lot of gold. Thankfully, this will help alleviate that.

Martial Law (Military, requires Totalitarianism) - A handy loyalty boost to help you handle coastal cities you capture.

Atomic Era

International Waters (Military, requires Cold War) - Churn out Ironclads at incredible speed! It's also good for Battleships and Missile Cruisers.

Information Era

Communications Office (Diplomatic, requires Social Media) - A loyalty boost for Governors to help with late-game naval warfare.


Only bonuses with notable synergy with the civ's uniques are covered here.

Monasticism (Dark Age, Classical to Medieval eras) - This is a good way to put a Stave Church infrastructure to use - every city you own with a Holy Site will produce 75% more science, helping you work your way to Military Tactics, Cartography or whatever else you want to research.

Exodus of the Evangelists (Golden Age, Classical to Renaissance eras) - Norway's ease in gaining era score in the ancient era combined with their lack of other advantages to founding a religion makes this a good choice of Golden Age dedication for its Great Prophet Points. The movement speed bonus also goes well with Norway's easy embarking and disembarking, so you can rapidly get your religious units converting foreign cities.

Monumentality (Golden Age, Classical to Renaissance eras) - An excellent alternative choice, this lets you use Stave Church faith to cheaply purchase civilian units.

Hic Sunt Dracones (Golden Age, Renaissance to Industrial eras) - Faster naval/embarked unit movement is great for a civ that already has advantages to embarking and the naval game. More importantly, the loyalty bonus helps you hold onto coastal cities you capture.

City Patron Goddess - A reasonable choice if you failed to get God of the Sea, helping you to build the first district in a city faster. Constructing a Holy Site first and spending some gold to buy a Stave Church can help get production up and running.

Dance of the Aurora - Holy Sites in the middle of tundra forests can create massive amounts of faith with this pantheon.

God of Healing - Berserkers are prone to losing a lot of health very quickly when in war, so this belief really helps them recover and get back in the fight sooner.

God of the Sea - Often Norway's best choice. God of the Sea stacks with the production boost of Stave Churches, making coastal cities much more productive than they are for other civs.

River Goddess - For a civ that likes to build Holy Sites and go to war, this pantheon is rather helpful as it can aid in alleviating war weariness.


You can have one founder, one follower, one enhancer and one worship belief.

Choral Music (Follower) - Norway's incentive to build a lot of Stave Churches could help you to really up your culture output with this belief.

Church Property (Founder) - Large navies cost a lot of money, and this helps manage it.

Crusade (Enhancer) - An excellent choice and one Norway is particularly good at making use of. If your faith output is half-decent, take this belief, convert a few cities of another civ in time for Berserker invasions and enjoy being incredibly hard to stop.

Feed the World (Follower) - If you're not so bothered about the faith aspects of Norway, this belief is a good way of ensuring you're making the most out of your Holy Site districts by offering food for Shrines and Stave Churches.

Jesuit Education (Follower) - A good way to use excess faith if you're not so interested in the religious game. This lets you buy Campus and Theatre Square buildings with faith.

Meeting House (Worship) - Essentially a mini-Stave Church, combining the faith and production advantages.

Missionary Zeal (Enhancer) - Your units already have good mobility between land and sea, but Missionary Zeal ensures your religious units can move rapidly though land as well.

Religious Community (Follower) - A powerful way to make Holy Sites more useful even if you're not necessarily after a religious victory.

Tithe (Founder) - Like Church Property, a great source of money.

Wat (Worship) - Like Jesuit Education, a good way to turn unneeded faith into science, something more relevant to domination victories.


Auckland (Industrial) - One of the best city-states around for Norway thanks to the strong synergy with Stave Church production bonuses. Requires the Vikings scenario pack.

Kandy (Religious) - Norway's strength at exploration means you can win a few relics from this city-state if you plan things out right. Make sure you have enough Stave Churches to store them in!

Mohenjo Daro (Cultural) - The best city spots for sea resources (and hence production via Stave Churches) are not necessarily next to a river. This city-state helps you to use those spots effectively.

Nan Madol (Cultural) - Norway's skew towards coastal cities as well as their skew against building Theatre Squares (Harbours, Holy Sites and others vie for attention) makes this a good city-state in Norway's hands.

Preslav (Militaristic) - Capturing cities with Encampments will provide you with bonus loyalty - rather helpful for holding onto captured coastal cities.

Valletta (Militaristic) - A great city-state if you're conducting naval warfare with Norway. You can capture a city by the sea, then spend faith to quickly boost its defences. That buys you enough time to purchase or move in land units to keep it defended.

Oracle (Ancient era, Mysticism civic) - Offers an excellent way to burn off excess faith if religious victory doesn't interest you.

Great Lighthouse (Classical era, Celestial Navigation technology) - Faster movement complements early ocean crossing very well, helping you to explore the world sooner. It's also great for naval warfare.

Mausoleum at Halicarnassus (Classical era, Defensive Tactics civic) - Although no Great Admiral can offer a speed and strength bonus to Viking Longships, one in the classical era can make Quadriremes scarier to your opponents, which can help your navy in general. An extra retirement charge for Great Admirals has a number of powerful uses; see the Great Person section for more information. Requires the Persia and Macedon Double Civilization Pack.

Venetian Arsenal (Renaissance era, Mass Production technology) - Norway's naval production speed is already so fast that their ships catch fire from friction burns while being constructed. The Venetian Arsenal doubles that output. Try and get to the Electricity technology fairly fast after getting this wonder as well as the Mobilisation civic so you can build Seaports for fast armadas. That way, you have both quantity and quality in your navy.


Keep in mind only the Great People with the most synergy with Norwegian uniques are covered here. All Great Admirals can be helpful, but it would be redundant to list every single one.

Classical Era

Euclid (Great Scientist) - Mathematics is on the way to Berserkers, but its eureka boost can be tricky to pick up sometimes. Euclid solves that problem.

Gaius Duilius (Great Admiral) - While unfortunately there's no ancient-era Great Admirals to boost your Viking Longships, you can still make an early fleet with Gais Duilius and enjoy an early 40-strength monster to raid the coasts of the world.

Themistocles (Great Admiral) - Provides some useful loyalty to a coastal city, which can help you secure a city you capture with Viking Longships you might not otherwise have done.

Medieval Era

Abu Al-Qasim Al-Zahrawi (Great Scientist) - Berserkers can take a lot of damage very quickly, so someone who can speed up healing is very welcome.

Æthelflæd (Great General) - When Berserkers and Musketmen are obsolete and it's time to retire her, she can help you hold onto a captured coastal city.

El Cid (Great General) - A Berserker corps is strong enough to get through the renaissance era, though you may want to keep the general around for the speed and strength bonus for units in a radius instead. Multiple Berserkers with 5 movement points and 55 attack strength (63 with Oligarchy and its legacy card) are better than just one with 60 attack (68 with Oligarchy) and 4 moves!

Hildegard of Bingen (Great Scientist) - Turn that Holy Site surrounded by woods into a healthy source of science!

James of St. George (Great Engineer) - Naval conquests can often leave you with cities that are hard to defend. With James of St. George, however, you can simply send him to freshly-captured cities and use a charge to provide strong fortifications. That should buy you some time until the counter-attack comes.

Renaissance Era

Ferdinand Magellan (Great Admiral) - Provides loyalty to a coastal city.

Santa Cruz (Great Admiral) - Very powerful in conjunction with the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus wonder and Yi Sun-Sin. If you can't get either, then simply enjoy a 67-strength Caravel armada which rips apart the undefended coasts of your enemies without a care in the world.

Yi Sun-Sin (Great Admiral) - An early Ironclad is powerful. An early Ironclad that can raid coasts is scary for your opponents. Add Santa Cruz and that's an early Ironclad Armada with 77 strength, which is simply cruel. Add Oligarchic Legacy and they're at 81 strength. Add the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus and you can have two, which is downright evil. Just send them on raids around vulnerable civs and city-states you don't have any envoys present in, and enjoy ripping up their coastal tiles.

Industrial Era

Simon Bolivar (Great General) - Provides loyalty to a city.

Modern Era

Togo Heihachiro (Great Admiral) - Provides quite a bit of loyalty to a coastal city.

Atomic Era

Sudirman (Great General) - Provides more loyalty to a city.

Norway can be a nasty pillager and a threat both on land and in the sea. Still, there are some vulnerabilities you can really exploit.



Unless Norway doesn't have access to the sea, you can't stop them from using this ability. Still, there are ways you can be prepared for it.

For a start, Norway's ability to cross oceans early often means they start settling other continents sooner. Different continents have different sets of luxuries. Keep an eye on which ones Norway has, and if you can get on their good terms, they might be a good trading partner. On the other hand, their warmongering on one continent is going to be known on others - once you meet those civs for yourself, you might find civs which are having as much trouble with Norway as you are.


If Norway's exploiting the ability to retreat units into ocean tiles and heal them, consider focusing your fire upon individual units at a time. Destroyed ships can't escape and can't heal up again.

A little trick you can use in some cases is to purchase tiles you suspect Norway's ships are healing on, It's quite expensive to do so, but it will deprive the units of some health until they move and find a new healing spot.


Keep your coast well-defended with land units, and it'll be hard for Norway to flood your lands with their previously-embarked military units. Melee infantry units are good because they defend pretty well and provide Zone of Control, preventing any disembarking Berserkers or the like slipping through. Siege units, however, are better at handling Norwegian ships. Keeping the coasts covered with military units is also the best tactic against coastal raids.

As far as religious units are concerned, it might help to line your coast with some Inquisitors. You don't need to cover the entire coast - zone of control will help prevent Norway's religious units slipping through.



Harald's high naval melee unit production may result in their navy being lopsided. A lack of naval raiders in particular is quite likely considering they can conduct coastal raids using naval melee units. As warfare on the high seas works in somewhat of a rock-paper-scissors fashion (raiders beat range, range beats melee, melee beats raiders), you simply need to emphasise naval ranged units if you ever have to fight them on the high seas.

Cheap units also means Norway has to deal with high maintenance costs. They may at first use the Conscription policy card to cover the costs, but once Viking Longships obsolete, their costs will skyrocket. If you're a peaceful civ, trading them gold in exchange for their luxuries they've obtained from other continents means they'll rely on you more to cover naval maintenance costs. If they declare war on you, they'll suddenly have a much harder time supporting their huge navy.


Coastal raids can be prevented simply by protecting your improvements and districts with military units. Districts take a higher priority than improvements to protect as they're harder to repair.

Eventually, Norway may get wise to this and start using naval ranged units against you. In that situation, bring forward your siege units or promoted land ranged units and injure them. Unlike Norway's naval melee units, their naval ranged units can't conduct coastal raids (so they can't heal off your farms) and can't heal in neutral seas, so only a bit of damage might be enough to persuade Norway to leave you alone.


If you start near Norway, be sure to avoid settling city spots that are very exposed to the sea - at least until the threat of Viking Longships dies down. Early on, even just one or two can take a new city out! Also make sure you scout out the coast for tribal villages before Norway raid too many.

You can't really engage Viking Longships by sea very easily because of the fact they're both stronger and can be built faster than regular Gallies. For this reason, avoid improving coastal resources if you suspect Norway is going to fight you early on - it'll just get pillaged.

So, how do you beat these things? One possibility lies in promoted Archers. Archers can damage Viking Longships while Viking Longships can't hurt them at all, though be aware of the big strength penalty Archers have against them.

A side-effect Norway's Viking Longships have that they make Norway quite likely to enter a classical-era Golden Age. The first naval unit trained in the world is worth +3 era score, the first Viking Longship will grant Norway +4 era score, and they can get additional era score in the ancient era by raiding tribal villages. As such, you might want to consider not settling anywhere too prone to Norway's loyalty pressure early on.


One of the simpler agendas, Harald likes you if you have a good navy and dislikes you if you don't.

This can be a tricky agenda to meet early in the game. Having a decent navy early on might keep Harald at bay, but if he chooses then to attack you, he's likely to still have the upper hand thanks to his UU. Instead, you might be better off just training some Archers and preparing for the worst - building up a navy can come later.


Isn't it lovely - a UU with a downside built in!

Berserkers are vulnerable in defence. Even if you're an era behind Norway, you can still attack their Berserkers with Horsemen or Swordsmen and still deal decent damage. Knights are probably the most effective units against them, but Crossbowmen are great as well.

Try if possible to engage Berserkers before they enter your lands. If there's a bit of a gap between your lands and theirs, keep watch over it for possible incoming Berserker forces. Scouts are great at this role as they're cheap to replace if they get killed. If a Berserker army is on the march, get your Horsemen, Crossbowmen and/or Knights ready to meet them. You may have to declare war on Norway yourself just to ensure you have the tactical advantage.

If there's not much of a gap between your land and Norway's, know where good defensive terrain (e.g. forested hills) is, and place Swordsmen or other units that defend pretty well on those tiles.

If instead Norway is aiming for an invasion by the sea, get Catapults, Crossbowmen or even promoted Archers lining your coast. Berserkers still have a +10 attack bonus when embarked, but also a -5 defence penalty. You can pick them off as they arrive while also keeping your coasts safe from coastal raids.


The main advantage of Stave Churches is dependent on Norway having good access to coastal resources. Take city spots slightly inland from the coast, and not only will you prevent Norway having it, but the cities will be safe from Viking Longship attacks.

When at war with Norway, you can pillage their Holy Site to pillage the Stave Church, denying them access to the production bonus, or alternatively block them from working coastal resources by placing naval units on top.

If you capture a Norwegian city, but know you can't hold it, consider dedicating a Builder to chopping down the woods around the Holy Site so Norway loses the faith bonus.

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