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应县木塔The Sakyamuni Pagoda of Fogong Temple

佛宫寺释迦塔，俗称应县木塔，位于中华人民共和国山西省朔州市应县，是世界现存最古老、最高的木塔。与比萨斜塔，埃菲尔铁塔并称为“世界三大奇塔”。
The Sakyamuni Pagoda of Fogong Temple (simplified Chinese: 佛宫寺释迦塔; traditional Chinese: 佛宮寺釋迦塔; pinyin: Fógōng Sì Shìjiā Tǎ) of Ying County, Shanxi province, China, is a wooden Chinese pagoda built in 1056, during the Khitan-led Liao Dynasty. It is the oldest and tallest existent fully wooden pagoda of the world still standing in China.


其确切建造年代无从考证，但可从其建筑风格和相关文物信息确认其建造时间在辽代。该塔在金代、元代、明代和清代时曾被多次修葺。该塔曾经历过多次大地震，并于1926年时在军阀混战中被炮击，但塔身从未倾倒。该塔高67.31米，底层直径30.27米，呈平面八角形，主体结构全部为木质结构，塔身外看为五层，其中第一层至第四层内各建有一层作为上一层基座的暗层，塔顶为铁制塔刹。每层塔室内的内槽均安置有佛像，其中第一层的内槽安置有一尊高约10米的释迦造像，内壁还绘有壁画。由于应县木塔塔身结构过于复杂，全塔共计出现54种不同的斗拱类型，关于该塔的维修方案自20世纪70年代起一直处于争议状态，直至2013年相关方案才得以最终确定。1961年，佛宫寺释迦塔被列为全国重点文物保护单位。
The pagoda stands on a 4 m (13 ft) tall stone platform, has a 10 m (33 ft) tall steeple, and reaches a total height of 67.31 m (220.83 ft) tall. The Pagoda of Fogong Temple and its surroundings are protected by the SACH branch of the Chinese government, and over 1 million dollars have already been committed to the research on repairing and renovating the precariously standing millennium-old building. In May 2011, Shanxi provincial authorities stated that the application for the pagoda should be finished by July 2011 for it to be included on the UNESCO list of protected world heritage relics by 2013.

在金代和元代时，应县木塔位于一座名为宝宫禅寺的寺庙当中。元顺帝时期，应县附近曾连续7天有强烈地震，但并未对木塔造成严重损坏。明朝时，宝宫禅寺在地方志中的名称变成了佛宫寺，但具体改名时间不明[3]:1，应县木塔也因此得名为佛宫寺释迦塔。永乐年间，明成祖朱棣曾登临应县木塔，并题写了“峻极神工”的匾额。正德年间时，明武宗朱厚照登临应县木塔后题写了“天下奇观”的匾额，当年塔与寺庙均曾被修缮。清朝康熙六十一年（1722年）和同治五年（1866年）时曾对木塔和寺庙进行过修缮，但此时寺庙的规模已经大不如前。中华民国时期，1926年，应县木塔曾在军阀混战中遭到多次炮击。1928年和1929年，应县木塔的塔顶和屋面被小规模维修。1935年，应县木塔再次被维修，这次维修当中村民采用风水先生苏墨的建议将1722年加固的夹泥墙和斜戗全数拆除，由于1722年年大修后木塔已饱经风霜，这一“维修”对木塔结构造成了不可逆的破坏，仅十余年之后塔身发生了扭动。梁思成对此尤为惋惜，称此次维修“比民国十九年战争中弹时损害尤烈，可谓为木塔八百余年以来最大的厄运”。
The pagoda features fifty-four different kinds of bracket arms in its construction, the greatest amount for any Liao Dynasty structure. Between each outer story of the pagoda is a mezzanine layer where the bracket arms are located on the exterior. From the exterior, the pagoda seems to have only five stories and two sets of rooftop eaves for the first story, yet the pagoda's interior reveals that it has nine stories in all. The four hidden stories can be indicated from the exterior by the pagoda's pingzuo (terrace balconies). A ring of columns support the lowest outstretching eaved roof on the base floor, while the pagoda also features interior support columns. A statue of the Buddha Sakyamuni sits prominently in the center of the first floor of the pagoda, with an ornate zaojing (caisson) above its head (the pagoda is named Sakyamuni Pagoda due to this statue). A zaojing is also carved into the ceiling of every story of the pagoda. The windows on the eight sides of the pagoda provide views of the countryside, including Mount Heng and the Songgan River. On a clear day, the pagoda can be seen from a distance of 30 km (19 mi).
该资产面数有17万，斗拱全部单独建模，模型大小与现实大小一致。希望大家多多支持~！！！不要忘记点个赞哦！
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