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The Humiliation of Versailles

After the failed Hundred Days Offensive, the Allies managed to break the Hindenburg Line with the Meuse-Argonne Offensive. Brussels was recaptured and the Allied army threatened to invade the Rhine region. The Empire fell, but the Republic decided to continue the war. This resulted in the Allies invading the Rhine, which managed to cross Alsace-Lorraine, and consequently the south of the Rhine River, and threatened to reach Munich and especially Frankfurt. Then Germany finally surrendered. After the Treaty of Versailles, the entire region of Danzig, Memel, East Prussia divided between Lithuania and Poland, Alsace-Lorraine and parts of Western Silesia were taken from them. Southern Germany was fragmented into three countries and a French puppet along the Rhine River. The Treaties of Trianon, Neuilly-sur-Seine and Sèvres were also harshly enforced on the defeated countries.

China under Manchu rule found itself fragmented after the failed Xinhai Revolution. Several warlords broke away from Chinese territory and formed their own factions. However, after the Great War, Japan annexed the German colony of Qingdao, creating yet another border with mainland China and threatening the reign of the Qing and the warlords' domination of their territories.

In South America, things happened mostly before the Great War. After the end of the Pacific War, Chile annexed Bolivia's sea outlet and the provinces of Arica and Tacna from Peru. Bolivia came out of the war completely humiliated, and this would get worse after the Chaco War in 1930-1932, Bolivia was once again humiliated. Until a socialist revolution took place in the country under the command of David Toro. The revolutionaries received support from the Soviets, while the loyalist government received support mainly from Brazil, Argentina, Peru and the British Empire. But the communists ended up capturing key cities such as La Paz and Sucre, leading to the collapse of the loyalist government and ending the civil war in September 1933.

After the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, the Russian Empire, which had lasted almost two centuries, fell, and a republic was established, the so-called Russian Democratic Federal Republic. However, while still under the provisional government, the October Revolution took place. The Bolsheviks, led by Lenin, Zinoviev and Radek, with the help of anarchist and Socialist Revolutionary elements, surrounded the capital, where the Provisional Government and the Petrograd Soviet were based. However, the provisional government managed to mobilize some militias to protect the capital. A shootout broke out between the two factions, which gave the provisional government time to mobilize some parts of the White Army, leading to the beginning of a civil war after dawn. It lasted from 1917 until 1919, when in the end, the forces of the White Army, under the command of General Anton Denikin, advanced from the south of Russia. They reached about 320 km from Moscow, which caused the Bolshevik government to try to mobilize to stop the advance, but their efforts were futile. Moscow was recaptured, and from there they advanced deeper into Soviet territory. After several offensives by the White Army, the Bolsheviks were finally destroyed, with parts of their army fleeing to the various republics that separated from Russia during the civil war, such as Poland, Ukraine, Ruthenia, Kazakhstan and especially Kyrgyzstan, where a communist revolution took place with the help of veterans of the Russian Civil War on both sides. However, this time the communists were successful.