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Flag of Syria "Independence Flag"

Nn 8 December 2024, the "independence flag" once again began to be used within the country.

Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant. It is bounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east and southeast, Jordan to the south, and Israel and Lebanon to the southwest. It is under a transitional government and comprises 14 governorates. Damascus is the capital and largest city. With a population of 25 million across an area of 185,180 square kilometres (71,500 sq mi), it is the 57th-most populous and 87th-largest country.

The name "Syria" historically referred to a wider region, broadly synonymous with the Levant and known in Arabic as ash-Sham. The modern state encompasses the sites of several ancient kingdoms and empires, including the Eblan civilization of the 3rd millennium BC. Damascus and Aleppo are cities of great cultural significance. Damascus was the seat of the Umayyad Caliphate and a provincial capital for the Mamluk Sultanate in Egypt. The modern Syrian state was established in the mid-20th century after centuries of Ottoman rule, as a French Mandate. The state represented the largest Arab state to emerge from the formerly Ottoman-ruled Syrian provinces. It gained de jure independence as a parliamentary republic in 1945 when the First Syrian Republic became a founding member of the United Nations, an act which legally ended the French Mandate. French troops withdrew in April 1946, granting the nation de facto independence.

The post-independence period was tumultuous, with multiple coup attempts in the country between 1949 and 1971. In 1958, Syria entered a brief union with Egypt, which was terminated in a 1961 coup d'état. The 1963 coup d'état carried out by the military committee of the Ba'ath Party established a de facto one-party state, which ran Syria under martial law from 1963 to 2011, effectively suspending constitutional protections for citizens. Internal power-struggles within Ba'athist factions caused further coups in 1966 and 1970, the latter of which saw Hafez al-Assad come to power. Under Assad, Syria became a hereditary dictatorship, with power consolidated around his family. Assad died in 2000, and he was succeeded by his son, Bashar al-Assad.

Since the Arab Spring in 2011, Syria has been embroiled in a multi-sided civil war with the involvement of several different countries, leading to a refugee crisis in which more than 6 million refugees were displaced from the country.[excessive citations]In response to rapid territorial gains made by the Islamic State during the civil war in 2014 and 2015, several countries intervened on behalf of various factions opposing it, leading to its territorial defeat in 2017 in both central and eastern Syria. Thereafter, three political entities – the Syrian Interim Government, Syrian Salvation Government, and the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria – emerged in Syrian territory to challenge Assad's rule. In late 2024 a series of offensives from a coalition of opposition forces led to the capture of Damascus and the fall of Assad's regime.

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Syrian National Anthem:
(ENG)
Guardians of the homeland, upon you be peace,
[our] proud spirits refuse to be humiliated.
The den of Arabism is a sacred sanctuary,
and the throne of the suns is a preserve that will not be subjugated.

𝄆 The quarters of Levant are towers in height,
which are in dialogue with the zenith of the skies. 𝄇
A land resplendent with brilliant suns,
becoming another sky or almost a sky.


The flutter of hopes and the beat of the heart,
are on a flag that united the entire country.
Is there not blackness from every eye,
and ink from every martyr's blood?

𝄆 [Our] spirits are defiant and [our] history is glorious,
and our martyrs' souls are formidable guardians. 𝄇
From us is al-Walīd, and from us is al-Rashīd.
So why then shall we not lead, why then shall we not rise?

(ABC)
حُـمَاةَ الـدِّيَارِ عَلَيْكُمْ سَـلَامْ
أَبَتْ أَنْ تَـذِلَّ النُّفُـوْسُ الْكِرَام
عَـرِيْنُ الْعُرُوْبَةِ بَيْتٌ حَـرَام
وَعَرْشُ الشُّمُوْسِ حِمَىً لَّا يُضَامْ

𝄇 رُبُوْعُ الشَّـآمِ بُـرُوْجُ الْعَـلَا
تُحَاكِي السَّـمَاءَ بِعَـالِي السَّـنَا 𝄆
فَأَرْضٌ زَهَتْ بِالشُّمُوْسِ الْوِضَا
سَـمَاءٌ لَعَمْـرُكَ أَوْ كَالسَّـمَا

٢
رَفِيْـفُ الْأَمَانِيْ وَخَفْـقُ الْفُؤادْ
عَـلٰى عَـلَمٍ ضَمَّ شَـمْلَ الْبِلَادْ
أَمَا فِيْهِ مِنْ كُـلِّ عَـيْنٍ سَـوَادْ
وَمِـنْ دَمِ كُـلِّ شَـهِيْدٍ مِـدَادْ؟

𝄇 نُفُـوْسٌ أُبَـاةٌ وَمَـاضٍ مَجِيْـد
وَرُوْحُ الْأَضَاحِيْ رَقِيْبٌ عَـتِيْد 𝄆
فَمِـنَّا الْوَلِيْـدُ وَ مِـنَّا الرَّشِـيْد
فَلِـمْ لَا نَسُـوْدُ وَلِمْ لَا نَشِيْد؟

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