I am especially interested in the 1st-2nd centuries AD, which is right after the official campaign ends. I find Jesus of Nazareth and the rise of Christianity to be fascinating, so that it makes me look for video games on this topic and period.

I playtested these from the Workshop:
X "Interesting Treasures" - It adds the 2nd Temple's Menorah as a treasure, among a total of 68 new treasures. This Mod seems worth playing with. The Description says: "Does not overwrite any vanilla files. Already integrated into Invictus mod - don't use both. Should work with most mods. Not achievement compatible."
X "Interesting Histories" It adds history descriptions for certain countries, including Judea, starting with the campaign's beginning in c. 304 BC. The Descriptions are a single story screen at the beginning of gameplay, and not a different Mission Tree. It's already part of the Invictus Mod.
X "Imperator: Invictus" - It is worth playing this Mod about as much as playing the base version of the game. It has a special mission tree for Samaria and another for Judea. It has a Temple graphic on the map for Jerusalem's Temple and many new prophets to choose from in the Omen menu. It also uses the Interesting Treasures Mod and provides the 2nd Temple Menorah relic.
X "Judea, land of Milk and Honey" (2022 version) It mods Judea so that it has a total of 6 Farmland spaces. The decision to add farmland seems debatable. By contrast, Turkey is huge, yet has only 5 farmland spaces, whereas Italy, England, and Greece each have a high number. So maybe the vanilla game gives Judea less than a realistic amount of farmland.
X "Israel 2.0" If you play as Judea, you get a "Decision" in your Nation Overview menu at startup where you can choose to form the nation of Israel. This decision gives you about 7 improvements, like a +10% Civilization bonus and +150 Political Influence points.
X Ben Hur music Mod - It adds songs from the movie Ben Hur to your gameplay.
X "Old World Armoury" - It specializes the look of the armor for Judea and other places. The Judean shield looks good, but IMO the breastplate looks small. The Mod changed my Judean armor like it was supposed to. I have the Punic DLC, but not Magna Graecia, and the Mod page says that both are required. I don't know what negative effect results from running it without the Magna Graecia DLC.
X "hashinshinMP" (last updated Mar. 2021) - It says that it gives Judea 32 more pops (of which 20 are in Jerusalem) and Rhodes 14 more pops. In the Vanilla game version as of Jan. 2023, Sparta has 28, Nineveh has 42, and Jerusalem has 20 pops each. But when you load the Mod, Jerusalem has 50 Pops, and Nineveh and Sparta have 42 Pops each.
X "Bloodlines 2.0" by Max. It gives bonuses to members of a long list of families, including the "Ruling family of Judea, the Zadokites. Descendants of High priest Zadok". For instance, it gives a bonus to their Zeal, Commerce, etc.
X "END OF DAYS Invictus sub mod" - It's a fantasy Mod based on the Apocalypse. You have to subscribe to the Invictus Mod too for it to work. The mod feels half complete, somewhere between a medieval themed apocalyptic game and an ancient setting, like from the BC period.

These Mods look like they are defective or could be improved:
X "Herod" - This Mod was last updated in 2019 and crashes my game as of Jan. 2023. It tweaks the Palestine area: It lets the player form "Israel" as either Judea or Samaria, changes province borders, mods unit graphics, lets you rededicate the 2nd Temple, etc.
X More Cultural Names - It changes the style of many land names based on the owner's language. So for instance Jericho changes to something like Yericho in Judea. But I think that this Mod needs more work to correct the names, and the value of the Mod is questionable because gamers tend to want to play in their own native language anyway.
X "Hellenismos - Diadochi Cultural Overhaul" - This Mod was last updated in 2020 and doesn't load for me as of Jan. 2023. The Description says that it "Adds Hellenizing options for Eastern nations to adopt Greco-Persian and similar syncretic cultures to represent the rapid adoption of Hellenistic styles and customs among elites in nations like Heraclea, Pontus, Judea..." The designer writes: "The Menander patch has addressed most of the things this mod does..."
X "Judæa Rock Mod" - The designer writes: "it's just for testing with map editor and joking around." This mod replaces Shkhem's territory with an impassable Mountain space like you find in the Alps and Himalayas. As of Jan 25, 2023, this Mod crashes my game when I run my game with this Mod as the only Mod installed. I'm guessing that the Mod is made for an older version of the base game.
X Nero UI Mods - These are named after Nero and change the graphics and UI. It's named after Nero, the crazy Roman empire, and makes the graphics darker. I think that this Mod no longer works with Imperator Rome as of Jan. 2023 because of updates to the game made since the Mod was made. The Mod doesn't seem to change anything in my own UI.
X "Tigranes the Great" - It starts in 94 BC and has Christian events. This Mod doesn't work on my game as of Jan. 25, 2023. The screen gets stuck on "Loading 100%" when it tries to load the screen for a new game when the Mod is turned on. I am guessing that the problem is that it was designed for an older, outdated version of the game.


Timeline Extender Mods:
+ "A Christianity Mod" - It says that to unlock it, you have to play through the campaign's normal end date, and that this could take super long to get to. Or you can use a special console trick to "fire the starting events", but I don't understand what that means.
+ "Simple I:R Timeline Extender" - It looks good, includes events like Christianity, and extends the timeline to 476 AD. "Decision available for players to convert to Christianity around 854 AUC, with fully playable pantheons made up of historical saints".
+ "Historical Imperator Pack" - It extends the timeline to 73 AD and makes some other changes. I beat it as Judea on Very Easy.
+ "Historical Imperator Pack - Invictus" - It extends the timeline for the Invictus Mod to 73 AD.
+ "Timeline Extension for Invictus" ("Imperator: Invictus" is one of the Mods named earlier and the timeline mod goes to 73 AD).