Those marked with (NEW) have been added in the 1.3 update, and those with either (CHANGES) have been modified to some extent.

Civics

Default Civics

Avid Explorers (CHANGES)
Survey speed: +15%
Anomaly research speed: +10%
Anomaly discovery chance: +10%
Science ship build cost: +50%

Bureau of Transportation (CHANGES)
Sublight speed: +10%
FTL speed: +15%
Jump drive range: +10%
Ship upkeep: +10%
Can build the Vessel Streamlining Bay starbase building

Planetary Cache (CHANGES)
Homeworld has the Strategic Cache deposit, providing 1 Volatile Motes, Rare Crystals and Exotic Gases per month
With certain technologies, the deposit can provide up to 3 of each resource

Collectivism
Stability: +10
Pop growth speed: +10%
Pop demotion time: -50%
Workers political power: +50%
Unemployed pop energy upkeep: +1
Must have Shared Burdens living standard

Diplomactic Giants (CHANGES)
Envoy improve relations: +25%
Diplomatic Influence cost: -50%
Trust growth: +10%

Emergency Ship Defences (CHANGES)
Evasion: +20%
Emergency FTL damage risk: -20%
Shield hit points: +15%
Ship fire rate: -10%

Imperialist Ambitions
Colony development speed: +10%
Starbase influence cost: -20%
Claim influence cost: -20%
Border friction: +50%

Masters of Architecture (CHANGES)
Megastructure build capacity: +1
Megastructure build speed: +25%
Construction time: -10%
Construction cost: +10%
Homeworld has the Grand Monument deposit

Personal Weapons (CHANGES)
Army damage: +25%
Army cost: -25%
Crime: +10
Crime: +20%
Has access to the Limit Personal Weapons edict

Sovereign Nations (CHANGES)
Monthly influence: +0.5
Monthly unity: +20%
Governing ethics attraction: -75%

Starfleet Academies (CHANGES)
Ship evasion: +10%
Ship tracking: +10%
Admiral level cap: +1
The Fleet Academy starbase building provides ships with an extra 200 starting experience

World Council (CHANGES)
Faction influence gain: +15%
Happiness: +10%
Homeworld has the Planetary Council Hall building, providing Amenities, Stability and Unity
Can build the Colonial Council Hall building on colonies, providing smaller bonuses

Collective Punishment
Assault army damage: +15%
Ship weapons damage: +10%
Can use the Armageddon bombardment stance

Defenders of the Faith
Army morale: +15%
Monthly influence: +1
War exhaustion gain: -25%
Spiritualist ethics attraction: +50%
Engineering research speed: -5%
Can use Crusade casus belli against materialists
Better opinion with spiritualists, but worse with materialists

Defensive Policies (CHANGES)
Ship build speed (defensive war): +20%
Defense army damage: +15%
Defense army health: +15%
Has access to the special National Defense Level policies

Industrial Capitalism
Alloys from jobs: +10%
Consumer goods from jobs: +10%
Energy from jobs: +15%
Worker pop resource output: -5%
Happiness: -10%

Free Market (CHANGES)
Trade value: +25%
Monthly energy credits: +5%
Market fee: -10%

Multiculturalism (CHANGES)
Pop growth speed: +10%
Xenophile ethics attraction: +50%
Governing ethics attraction: -25%
Can enact the Strengthen Diversity decision on owned worlds

Seekers of Knowledge (CHANGES)
Research alternatives: +1
Researchers output: +5%
Researchers consumer goods upkeep: +5%
Homeworld has the Planetary Databanks building, providing research

Warmongers (CHANGES)
Ship fire rate: +10%
Assault army damage: +15%
War exhaustion gain: -30%

Social Darwinism (CHANGES)
Leader skill level cap: +2
Leader experience gain: +15%
Specialist output: +10%
Monthly unity: -15%
Administrators produce an additional 1 energy

Cult of Personality (CHANGES)
Governing ethics attraction: +25%
Citizen happiness: +5%
Monthly influence +0.5
Stability: -10
Has access to the Spread of Propaganda edict

Ruthless Suppression (CHANGES)
Stability: +10
Crime: -25
Job output: +5%
Pop growth speed: -15%

Peaceful Society
Crime: -15
Citizen happiness: +10%
Pop growth speed: +5%
Ship build cost: +10%
Administrators produce an additional 2 unity
Cannot use the Militarized Economy policy option

Patrol Agency (CHANGES)
Piracy suppression per ship: +25
Trade protection: +10
Trade value: +5%

Nihilistic Cult (NEW)
Physics research from jobs: +10%
Sublight speed: +15%
Traditionalist faction is neutral about machines
Full AI Rights policy option available
Priests produce 3 Physics Research instead of 2 Society Research

Machine Cult (NEW)
Engineering research from jobs: +10%
Construction time: -15%
Traditionalist faction likes machines
AI Worship policy option available
Priests produce 3 Engineering Research instead of 2 Society Research

Crystalline Energy Grid (NEW)
Energy credits from jobs: +5%
Homeworld has a deposit providing 2 Rare Crystals
Technicians produce twice as much Energy, but have an upkeep of 2 Rare Crystals
Start with a Crystal Mines building and the ability to build another

War Industry (NEW)
Ship build time: -15%
Alloys from jobs: +20%
Consumer goods from jobs: -15%
Cannot use the Civilian Economy policy option
Has access to a special wartime edict, allowing the conversion of Consumer Goods into Alloys

Peacekeepers (NEW)
Subject power penalty: -25%
Diplomatic weight from fleet: +25%
Federation fleet contribution: +50%
Claim influence cost: +50%
Imperialist faction does not demand war or rivalries
Can form the special Peacekeeping Coalition Federation, allowing the use of the Neutralize Threat wargoal on empires deemed a threat

Hive Mind Civics

Concerted Befrienders
Trust growth: +25%
Envoy improve relations: +25%
Trust cap: +50
Have a small opinion bonus, rather than a penalty

Eye in the Sky (CHANGES)
Planet sensor range: +3
Ship sensor range: +2
Ship weapons range: +10%
Crime: -15

Genetic Manipulators
Pop growth speed: +10%
Gene modification points: +1
Modify species special project cost: -25%
Start with three techs in gene modding

Hunters of the Void
Sublight speed: +15%
Ship fire rate: +10%
Evasion: +15%

Nourishment Focus
Max agriculture districts: +3
Pop food upkeep: -10%
Agriculture district build speed: +20%

Rapid Breeding (CHANGES)
Pop growth speed: +20%
Amenities: +15%
Hive Districts provide an extra 3 housing

Research Driven (CHANGES)
Research alternatives: +1
Research speed: +10%
Tech cost from empire sprawl: -25%

Semi-Autonomous Drones (CHANGES)
Monthly unity: -10%
Ship experience gain: +20%
Army experience gain: +20%
Research speed: +5%

Total Control (CHANGES)
Stability: +20
Monthly influence: +0.5
Leader level cap: +2

Voidswarm
Naval capacity: +20
Military ship build speed: +20%
Ship upgrade cost: -20%

Machine Civics

Diplomatic Competitor
Available envoys: +2
Diplomatic weight: +15%
Envoy improve relations: +50%

Expansion Protocols (CHANGES)
Starbase influence cost: -25%
War exhaustion gain: -15%
Claim influence cost: -15%

Mighty Processors (CHANGES)
Starbase capacity: +3
Naval capacity: +25
Administrative capacity: +50
Sublight speed: -10%

Organic Friendly Interface (CHANGES)
Border friction: -50%
Trust cap for organics: +50
Trust growth: +20%

Routine Machine Checks (CHANGES)
Stability: +15
Monthly influence gain: +0.5
Pop amenity usage: -20%

Corporate Civics

Constant Growth (CHANGES)
Administrative capacity: +50
Claim influence cost: -20%
Empire sprawl from systems: -15%

Travel Agency
Immigration pull: +30%
Pop growth from immigration: +25%
Can build Tourist Decks on starbases with a colony in the system

Cooperative Upbringings
Faction influence gain: +25%
Faction energy gain: +0.50
Happiness: +10%

Technocorp (CHANGES)
Research speed: +10%
Research alternatives: +2
Researchers produce an additional 1 energy

War Factories (CHANGES)
Army build speed: +20%
Military ship build speed: +15%
Army cost: -20%
Military ship build cost: -15%