Could you make an option where in order to use this spell, there is a rather long channel time? (something like 5-10 seconds) similar to a recall in a moba like league of legends?
I like the idea, but it seems pretty unbalanced for me to be able to just instantly teleport out of danger.

If by range limit you mean how far away you can go before returning, then no, there is no limit.
Yes, you can use a trigger to place the mark. Although, you can get stuck in terrain sometimes, when it's placed too close to an obstacle.
And thanks for an interesting spell idea! I'm not sure if I'm going to do more of Noita modding and when, so no promises. But really like the idea

Is there a range limit on this? Can the mark be placed at a distance using a trigger spell (or similar)

An add-on to this could be a modifier that causes the next spell to be cast from the mark, or to home towards or away from the mark.

I'm amazed that no one thought of an idea like this sooner.